c03e575b (main)
and
49714a23 (PR)
+56 -186
+4 -24
{
"badges": [
{
"id": "EVM",
"type": "VM",
"name": "EVM",
"description": "This project uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine to run its smart contracts and supports the Solidity programming language",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "vm",
"value": "EVM"
}
},
{
"id": "DAC",
"id": "EthereumBlobs",
"type": "DA",
"name": "Data Availability Committee",
"description": "There is a Data Availability Committee that provides/attests to data availability",
"name": "Ethereum with blobs",
"description": "This project is posting its data to Ethereum as blobs",
"action": {
"type": "selfDaHighlight"
}
},
{
"id": "Espresso",
"type": "DA",
"name": "Espresso",
"description": "This project is posting its data to Espresso",
"action": {
"type": "publicDaHighlight",
"slug": "espresso"
"slug": "ethereum"
}
},
{
"id": "Orbit",
"type": "Stack",
"name": "Built on Arbitrum Orbit",
"description": "The project is built on Arbitrum Orbit",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "stack",
"value": "Arbitrum"
}
},
{
"id": "Arbitrum",
"type": "L3ParentChain",
"name": "Built on top of Arbitrum",
"description": "The project has Arbitrum as its host chain",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "hostChain",
"value": "Arbitrum"
}
},
{
"id": "EspressoPreconfs",
"type": "Other",
"name": "Espresso Preconfs",
"description": "The project integrates with Espresso preconfirmations. The chain batch poster publishes blocks to Espresso Network and runs in a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) programmed to verify that only Espresso-validated batches reach the host chain.",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "other",
"value": "Espresso Preconfs"
}
},
{
"id": "Caldera",
"type": "RaaS",
"name": "Caldera",
"description": "This project was deployed via the rollup-as-a-service provider Caldera",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "raas",
"value": "Caldera"
}
}
],
"description": "ApeChain is an Optimium built on the Arbitrum Orbit stack utilizing $APE as its native gas token. It fuels culture by being the chain for digital and IRL communities, builders, creators, collectors, gamers and beyond.",
"links": {
"websites": [
"https://apechain.com/"
],
"bridges": [
"https://apechain.com/portal"
],
"documentation": [
"https://docs.apechain.com/"
],
"explorers": [
"https://apescan.io/"
],
"repositories": [
"https://github.com/ape-foundation"
],
"socialMedia": [
"https://twitter.com/apecoin",
"https://discord.gg/apecoindao",
"https://t.me/apechainofficial"
]
}
}+7 -0
[
{
"title": "ApeChain switches from DAC to Ethereum calldata",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xE6a92Ae29E24C343eE66A2B3D3ECB783d65E4a3C",
"date": "2026-07-01T00:00:00Z",
"description": "ApeChain stops posting data via the AnyTrust DAC and starts posting batches directly to Arbitrum as calldata.",
"type": "general"
},
{
"title": "Mainnet Launch",
"url": "https://x.com/apecoin/status/1847731593437155673",
"date": "2024-10-19T00:00:00Z",
"description": "ApeChain launches its Mainnet.",
"type": "general"
}
]+1 -7
{
"capability": "universal",
"daLayer": [
"Espresso",
"DAC"
"Ethereum"
],
"hostChain": {
"id": "arbitrum",
"slug": "arbitrum",
"name": "Arbitrum One"
},
"layer": "layer3",
"proofSystem": {
"type": "Optimistic",
"name": "Arbitrum Classic",
"challengeProtocol": "Interactive"
},
"purposes": [
"Universal"
],
"raas": "Caldera",
"reasonsForBeingOther": [
{
"label": "Closed proofs",
"shortDescription": "There are less than 5 external actors that can submit challenges",
"description": "Projects without a sufficiently decentralized set of challengers rely on few entities to safely update the state. A small set of challengers can collude with the proposer to finalize an invalid state, which can cause loss of funds."
},
{
"label": "Small DAC",
"shortDescription": "There are less than 5 external actors that can attest data availability",
"description": "Projects without a sufficiently decentralized data availability committee rely on few entities to safely attest data availability on Ethereum. A small set of entities can collude with the proposer to finalize an unavailable state, which can cause loss of funds."
}
],
"stacks": [
"Arbitrum"
],
"stage": "Stage 0",
"type": "Other",
"vm": [
"EVM"
]
}+16 -12
{
"message": {
"type": "underReview",
"text": "The requirement for available node software is under review."
"text": "The requirement for available node software is under review"
},
"missing": {
"nextStage": "Stage 1",
"requirements": [
"Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring.",
"The Security Council is not properly set up."
],
"principle": "Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council to push a malicious upgrade, or sequencer+DA-committee collusion to withhold data and finalize invalid state roots, should be the only ways (other than bugs) to steal funds or block withdrawals indefinitely."
"principle": "Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council should be the only way (other than bugs) for a rollup to indefinitely block an L2→L1 message (e.g. a withdrawal) or push an invalid L2→L1 message (e.g. an invalid withdrawal) with a <7d exit window."
},
"stage": "Stage 0",
"summary": [
{
"stage": "Stage 0",
"requirements": [
{
"satisfied": true,
"description": "The project self-identifies as a Validium or Optimium."
"description": "A complete and functional proof system is deployed."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Fraud proof submission is not sufficiently decentralized."
},
{
"satisfied": true,
"description": "State roots are posted to Ethereum L1."
"description": "The project calls itself a rollup."
},
{
"satisfied": true,
"description": "A complete and functional proof system (fraud or validity proofs) is deployed."
"description": "State roots are posted to Ethereum L1."
},
{
"satisfied": "UnderReview",
"description": "A source-available node exists that can reconstruct the L2 state when DA is accessible. Please note that the L2BEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code."
"satisfied": true,
"description": "Inputs for the state transition function are posted to Ethereum L1."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Fraud proof submission is not sufficiently decentralized."
"satisfied": "UnderReview",
"description": "A source-available node exists that can recreate the state from Ethereum L1 data. Please note that the L2BEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code."
}
]
},
{
"stage": "Stage 1",
"requirements": [
{
"satisfied": true,
"description": "Users are able to exit without the help of the permissioned operators, provided DA is accessible."
"description": "Users are able to exit without the help of the permissioned operators."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "The Security Council is not properly set up."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Not all program sources are public or not all program hashes can be independently regenerated.",
"upcoming": true
}
],
"principle": {
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council to push a malicious upgrade, or sequencer+DA-committee collusion to withhold data and finalize invalid state roots, should be the only ways (other than bugs) to steal funds or block withdrawals indefinitely."
"description": "Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council should be the only way (other than bugs) for a rollup to indefinitely block an L2→L1 message (e.g. a withdrawal) or push an invalid L2→L1 message (e.g. an invalid withdrawal) with a <7d exit window."
}
},
{
"stage": "Stage 2",
"requirements": [
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Fraud proof submission is open only to whitelisted actors."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Upgrades unrelated to onchain provable bugs, including upgrades to the DA verifier, provide less than 30d to exit."
"description": "Upgrades unrelated to onchain provable bugs provide less than 30d to exit."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "The Security Council's actions are not confined to onchain provable bugs."
}
]
}
]
}+8 -8
{
"host": {
"stateValidation": {
"value": "Fraud proofs (INT)",
"description": "Fraud proofs allow actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve.",
"executionDelay": 172800,
"executionDelayMode": "if-challenged",
"challengeDelay": 549816,
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": null,
"initialBond": {
"value": "3600.0"
},
"permissioned": false,
"defenderAdvantage": {
"multiplier": 6.486486486486486,
"shape": "linear"
},
"secondLine": "6d 8h challenge period\n+ 2d execution delay"
},
"dataAvailability": {
"value": "Onchain",
"description": "All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": null
},
"exitWindow": {
"value": "None",
"description": "There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": -86400,
"regular": {
"value": "10d",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "Non-emergency upgrades are initiated on L2 and go through a 8d delay on L2 and a 3d delay on L1. Since there is a 1d delay to force a tx (forcing the inclusion in the following state update), users have 10d to exit."
}
},
"sequencerFailure": {
"value": "Self sequence",
"description": "In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 1d delay on this operation.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 86400,
"secondLine": "1d delay"
},
"proposerFailure": {
"value": "Self propose",
"description": "Anyone can be a Proposer and propose new roots to the L1 bridge.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 0
}
},
"self": {
"stateValidation": {
"value": "Fraud proofs (INT)",
"description": "No actor outside of the single Proposer can submit fraud proofs. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. The challenge protocol can be subject to delay attacks. There is a 6d 8h challenge period.",
"executionDelay": 0,
"challengeDelay": 549816,
"permissioned": true,
"defenderAdvantage": "not-applicable",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": 1,
"initialBond": {
"value": "0.1"
},
"secondLine": "6d 8h challenge period"
},
"dataAvailability": {
"value": "External (DAC)",
"description": "Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published onchain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 5/7 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": 0.7142857142857143
"value": "Onchain",
"description": "All of the data needed for proof construction is published on the base chain, which ultimately gets published on Ethereum.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": null
},
"exitWindow": {
"value": "None",
"description": "There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": -259200
},
"sequencerFailure": {
"value": "Self sequence",
"description": "In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 3d delay on this operation.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 259200,
"secondLine": "3d delay"
},
"proposerFailure": {
"value": "Self propose",
"description": "Anyone can become a Proposer after 12d 17h of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 1099632,
"secondLine": "12d 17h delay"
}
},
"stacked": {
"stateValidation": {
"value": "Fraud proofs (INT)",
"description": "No actor outside of the single Proposer can submit fraud proofs. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. The challenge protocol can be subject to delay attacks. There is a 6d 8h challenge period.",
"executionDelay": 0,
"challengeDelay": 549816,
"permissioned": true,
"defenderAdvantage": "not-applicable",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": 1,
"initialBond": {
"value": "0.1"
},
"secondLine": "6d 8h challenge period"
},
"dataAvailability": {
"value": "External (DAC)",
"description": "Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published onchain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 5/7 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": 0.7142857142857143
"value": "Onchain",
"description": "All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": null
},
"exitWindow": {
"value": "None",
"description": "There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": -259200
},
"sequencerFailure": {
"value": "Self sequence",
"description": "In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 4d delay on this operation.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 345600
},
"proposerFailure": {
"value": "Self propose",
"description": "Anyone can become a Proposer after 12d 17h of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 1099632
}
}
}+9 -25
[
{
"layer": {
"value": "Espresso",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The data is posted to Espresso.",
"projectId": "espresso"
"value": "Ethereum",
"secondLine": "Blobs or Calldata",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The data is posted to Ethereum as calldata or blobs.",
"projectId": "ethereum"
},
"bridge": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is no bridge that can attest if the data has been made available.",
"orderHint": -2
"value": "Enshrined",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The validating bridge has access to all the data, as it is posted onchain.",
"projectId": "ethereum"
},
"mode": {
"value": "Transaction data",
"secondLine": "Compressed"
}
},
{
"layer": {
"value": "DAC",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The data is posted off chain and a Data Availability Committee (DAC) is responsible for protecting and supplying it."
},
"bridge": {
"value": "5/7 DAC Members",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is a threshold of 5/7 members that must sign and attest that the data is correct and available.",
"orderHint": -2.1e-9
},
"mode": {
"value": "Transaction data",
"secondLine": "Compressed"
}
}
]+8 -36
{
"architectureImage": "orbit-optimium",
"architectureImage": "orbit-rollup",
"dataAvailability": [
{
"name": "Data is posted to Espresso",
"description": "Transactions roots are posted onchain and the full data is posted on Espresso. Since the HotShot Light Client contract is not used, availability of the data is not verified against Espresso validators, meaning that the Sequencer can single-handedly publish unavailable roots.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the sequencer posts an unavailable transaction root.",
"isCritical": true
},
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the data is not available on the external provider.",
"isCritical": true
}
],
"name": "All transaction data is recorded on chain",
"description": "All executed transactions are submitted to an on chain smart contract. The execution of the rollup is based entirely on the submitted transactions, so anyone monitoring the contract can know the correct state of the rollup chain.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Espresso Light Client",
"url": "https://docs.espressosys.com/network/learn/the-espresso-network/internal-functionality/light-client"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Data is not stored on chain",
"description": "Users transactions are not published onchain, but rather sent to external trusted parties, also known as committee members (DAC). Members of the DAC collectively produce a Data Availability Certificate (comprising BLS signatures from a quorum) guaranteeing that the data behind the new transaction batch will be available until the expiry period elapses (currently a minimum of two weeks). This signature is not verified by L1, however external Validators will skip the batch if BLS signature is not valid resulting. This will result in a fraud proof challenge if this batch is included in a consecutive state update. It is assumed that at least one honest DAC member that signed the batch will reveal tx data to the Validators if Sequencer decides to act maliciously and withhold the data. If the Sequencer cannot gather enough signatures from the DAC, it will \"fall back to rollup\" mode and by posting the full data directly to the L1 chain. The current DAC threshold is 5 out of 7.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the external data becomes unavailable.",
"isCritical": true
"title": "Sequencing followed by deterministic execution - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-arbitrum-nitro/#sequencing-followed-by-deterministic-execution"
},
{
"category": "Users can be censored if",
"text": "the committee restricts their access to the external data."
"title": "SequencerInbox.sol - source code, addSequencerL2BatchFromOrigin function",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xCfAfB803EF1FEc576138Cebc79Ad41Aa6760C575#code"
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "Inside AnyTrust - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-anytrust"
}
]
}
],
"exitMechanisms": [
{
"name": "Regular messaging",
"description": "The user initiates L2->L1 messages by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is settled, the message becomes available for processing on L1. The process of block finalization usually takes several days to complete.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Transaction lifecycle - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/tx-lifecycle"
},
{
"title": "L2 to L1 Messages - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/deep-dives/l2-to-l1-messaging"
},
{
"title": "Mainnet for everyone - Arbitrum Blog",
"url": "https://offchain.medium.com/mainnet-for-everyone-27ce0f67c85e"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Autonomous exit",
"description": "Users can (eventually) exit the system by pushing the transaction on L1 and providing the corresponding state root. The only way to prevent such withdrawal is via an upgrade.",
"risks": [],
"references": []
}
],
"forceTransactions": {
"name": "Users can force any transaction",
"description": "Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly. After a delay of 3d in which a Sequencer has failed to include a transaction that was directly posted to the smart contract, it can be forcefully included by anyone on the host chain, which finalizes its ordering.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "SequencerInbox.sol - source code, forceInclusion function",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xCfAfB803EF1FEc576138Cebc79Ad41Aa6760C575#code"
},
{
"title": "Sequencer Isn't Doing Its Job - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/sequencer#unhappyuncommon-case-sequencer-isnt-doing-its-job"
}
]
},
"operator": {
"name": "The system has a centralized sequencer",
"description": "While forcing transaction is open to anyone the system employs a privileged sequencer that has priority for submitting transaction batches and ordering transactions.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "MEV can be extracted if",
"text": "the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions."
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "Sequencer - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/inside-arbitrum-nitro#the-sequencer"
}
]
},
"otherConsiderations": [
{
"name": "EVM compatible smart contracts are supported",
"description": "Arbitrum One uses Nitro technology that allows running fraud proofs by executing EVM code on top of WASM.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Inside Arbitrum Nitro",
"url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-arbitrum-nitro/"
}
]
}
],
"sequencing": {
"name": "Delayed forced transactions",
"description": "To force transactions from the host chain, users must first enqueue \"delayed\" messages in the \"delayed\" inbox of the Bridge contract. Only authorized Inboxes are allowed to enqueue delayed messages, and the so-called Inbox contract is the one used as the entry point by calling the `sendMessage` or `sendMessageFromOrigin` functions. If the centralized sequencer doesn't process the request within some time bound, users can call the `forceInclusion` function on the SequencerInbox contract to include the message in the canonical chain. The time bound is hardcoded to be 3d.",
"references": [],
"risks": []
},
"stateValidation": {
"description": "Updates to the system state can be proposed and challenged by a set of whitelisted validators. If a state root passes the challenge period, it is optimistically considered correct and made actionable for withdrawals.",
"categories": [
{
"title": "State root proposals",
"description": "Whitelisted validators propose state roots as children of a previous state root. A state root can have multiple conflicting children. This structure forms a graph, and therefore, in the contracts, state roots are referred to as nodes. Each proposal requires a stake, currently set to 0.1 ETH, that can be slashed if the proposal is proven incorrect via a fraud proof. Stakes can be moved from one node to one of its children, either by calling `stakeOnExistingNode` or `stakeOnNewNode`. New nodes cannot be created faster than the minimum assertion period by the same validator, currently set to 15m. The oldest unconfirmed node can be confirmed if the challenge period has passed and there are no siblings, and rejected if the parent is not a confirmed node or if the challenge period has passed and no one is staked on it.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be stolen if",
"text": "none of the whitelisted verifiers checks the published state. Fraud proofs assume at least one honest and able validator.",
"isCritical": true
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "How is fraud proven - Arbitrum documentation FAQ",
"url": "https://docs.arbitrum.io/get-started/arbitrum-introduction"
}
]
},
{
"title": "Challenges",
"description": "A challenge can be started between two siblings, i.e. two different state roots that share the same parent, by calling the `startChallenge` function. Validators cannot be in more than one challenge at the same time, meaning that the protocol operates with [partial concurrency](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a). Since each challenge lasts 6d 8h, this implies that the protocol can be subject to [delay attacks](https://medium.com/offchainlabs/solutions-to-delay-attacks-on-rollups-434f9d05a07a), where a malicious actor can delay withdrawals as long as they are willing to pay the cost of losing their stakes. If the protocol is delayed attacked, the new stake requirement increases exponentially for each challenge period of delay. Challenges are played via a bisection game, where asserter and challenger play together to find the first instruction of disagreement. Such instruction is then executed onchain in the WASM OneStepProver contract to determine the winner, who then gets half of the stake of the loser. As said before, a state root is rejected only when no one left is staked on it. The protocol does not enforces valid bisections, meaning that actors can propose correct initial claim and then provide incorrect midpoints.",
"references": [
{
"title": "Fraud Proof Wars: Arbitrum Classic",
"url": "https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a"
}
]
}
]
},
"stateValidationImage": "orbit",
"warning": "Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted."
}+1 -65
{
"dac": {
"membersCount": 7,
"requiredMembers": 5
},
"description": "Set of parties responsible for signing and attesting to the availability of data.",
"fallback": {
"value": "Ethereum",
"secondLine": "Calldata",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The data is posted to Ethereum as calldata.",
"projectId": "ethereum"
},
"risks": {
"committeeSecurity": {
"value": "5/7",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "The committee does not meet basic security standards, either due to insufficient size, lack of member diversity, or poorly defined threshold parameters. The system lacks an effective DA bridge and it is reliant on the assumption of an honest sequencer, creating significant risks to data integrity and availability.",
"orderHint": -2.1e-9
},
"upgradeability": {
"value": "No delay",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is no delay in the upgradeability of the bridge. Users have no time to exit the system before the bridge implementation update is completed."
},
"relayerFailure": {
"value": "No mechanism",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "The relayer role is permissioned, and the DA bridge does not have a Security Council or a governance mechanism to propose new relayers. In case of relayer failure, the DA bridge will halt and be unable to recover without the intervention of a centralized entity."
},
"economicSecurity": {
"value": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There are no onchain assets at risk of being slashed in case of a data withholding attack, and the committee members are not publicly known."
},
"adjustSecurityRisk": false
},
"fraudDetection": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is no fraud detection mechanism in place. A data withholding attack can only be detected by nodes downloading the full data from the DA layer."
}
},
"technology": {
"description": "## Architecture\n\n\nThe DAC uses a data availability solution built on the AnyTrust protocol. It is composed of the following components:\n- **Sequencer Inbox**: Main entry point for the Sequencer submitting transaction batches.\n- **Data Availability Committee (DAC)**: A group of members responsible for storing and providing data on demand.\n- **Data Availability Certificate (DACert)**: A commitment ensuring that data blobs are available without needing full data posting on the L1 chain. \n\n\nCommittee members run servers that support APIs for storing and retrieving data blobs. \nThe Sequencer API allows the rollup Sequencer to submit data blobs for storage, while the REST API enables anyone to fetch data by hash. \nWhen the Sequencer produces a data batch, it sends the batch along with an expiration time to Committee members, who store it and sign it. \nOnce enough signatures are collected, the Sequencer aggregates them into a valid DACert and posts it to the L1 chain inbox. \nIf the Sequencer fails to collect enough signatures, it falls back to posting the full data to the L1 chain as calldata. \n\n\nA DACert includes a hash of the data block, an expiration time, and proof that the required threshold of Committee members have signed off on the data. \nThe proof consists of a hash of the Keyset used in signing, a bitmap indicating which members signed, and a BLS aggregated signature. \nL2 nodes reading from the sequencer inbox verify the certificate’s validity by checking the number of signers, the aggregated signature, and that the expiration time is at least two weeks ahead of the L2 timestamp. \nIf the DACert is valid, it provides a proof that the corresponding data is available from honest committee members.\n\n## DA Bridge Architecture\n\n\nThe DA commitments are posted to the destination chain through the sequencer inbox, using the inbox as a DA bridge.\nThe DA commitment consists of Data Availability Certificate (DACert), including a hash of the data block, an expiration time, and a proof that the required threshold of Committee members have signed off on the data.\nThe sequencer distributes the data and collects signatures from Committee members offchain. Only the DACert is posted by the sequencer to the destination chain inbox (the DA bridge), achieving destination chain transaction ordering finality in a single onchain transaction.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "a malicious committee attests to an invalid data availability certificate."
},
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the bridge contract or its dependencies receive a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades."
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "Inside AnyTrust - Arbitrum Docs",
"url": "https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/inside-anytrust"
}
]
},
"type": "Data Availability Committee"
}
null+1 -8
{
"arbitrum": {
"roles": [],
"actors": [
{
"id": "ApeChainMultisig",
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"description": "A Multisig with 3/7 threshold. \n* Can upgrade **with no delay**\n * Inbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * RollupProxy [via: UpgradeExecutor]\n * Outbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * Bridge [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * ChallengeManager [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * UpgradeExecutor [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * SequencerInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * RollupEventInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n* Can interact with RollupProxy\n * Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability, DACs and the fastConfirmer role, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes [via: UpgradeExecutor]",
"description": "A Multisig with 3/6 threshold. \n* Can upgrade **with no delay**\n * Inbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * RollupProxy [via: UpgradeExecutor]\n * Outbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * Bridge [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * ChallengeManager [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * UpgradeExecutor [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * SequencerInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * RollupEventInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n* Can interact with RollupProxy\n * Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability, DACs and the fastConfirmer role, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes [via: UpgradeExecutor]",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x2B1FbeE3c7D278bFD9E179893FF304fE49FA7DDF",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x2B1F…7DDF",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x2B1FbeE3c7D278bFD9E179893FF304fE49FA7DDF"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"references": [],
"participants": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xe2d8761a2a87b06413e39D08C31b683cDD4dF4a4",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xe2d8…F4a4",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xe2d8761a2a87b06413e39D08C31b683cDD4dF4a4"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x6c447467FED500eEa91309c0b0c302Aa9763412d",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x6c44…412d",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x6c447467FED500eEa91309c0b0c302Aa9763412d"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xd125c9222160C308EdC5Cf642573Ca8a14D9d33c",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xd125…d33c",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xd125c9222160C308EdC5Cf642573Ca8a14D9d33c"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x83F58bBB1a940E364ED2dE775D1FD5218135cCE3",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x83F5…cCE3",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x83F58bBB1a940E364ED2dE775D1FD5218135cCE3"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xbc1Cb7133f080eB61262dafB77788B95e208B77F",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xbc1C…B77F",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xbc1Cb7133f080eB61262dafB77788B95e208B77F"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x8765bb776b00A14198025283988c23F72D330E2a",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x8765…0E2a",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8765bb776b00A14198025283988c23F72D330E2a"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x65c10dD3d50B10D0E1Bb459675b03367B1b52eD1",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x65c1…2eD1",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x65c10dD3d50B10D0E1Bb459675b03367B1b52eD1"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "SafeL2",
"name": "SafeL2",
"description": "A Multisig with 2/3 threshold. \n* Can interact with EspressoTEEVerifier\n * add, remove or disable supported enclave hashes \n * change the TEE verifier contract ",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x6Dc61D9E366697979f69D89a154f2F8cd2F11dA5",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x6Dc6…1dA5",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x6Dc61D9E366697979f69D89a154f2F8cd2F11dA5"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"references": [],
"participants": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xb9e40b6E60CcD5361774cf4D36d1fCe66B649b63",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xb9e4…9b63",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xb9e40b6E60CcD5361774cf4D36d1fCe66B649b63"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x5E768dd03BD821703ef825e057434De85913EEAC",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x5E76…EEAC",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x5E768dd03BD821703ef825e057434De85913EEAC"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x00B96a8454dc757240e475B5e6e7DcAAf401930f",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x00B9…930f",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x00B96a8454dc757240e475B5e6e7DcAAf401930f"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EspressoTEEVerifier",
"name": "EspressoTEEVerifier",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x9440e52851706A261965c128A6CB3b5C455177Fb",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x9440…77Fb",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x9440e52851706A261965c128A6CB3b5C455177Fb"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "TEE gateway contract that can be used to 1) register signers that were generated inside a TEE and 2) verify the signatures of such signers. It supports AWS Nitro TEEs through modular contracts.\n* Can interact with EspressoNitroTEEVerifier\n * set the enclaveHash (hash of enclave's code and initial data) and delete all registered signers ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-1",
"name": "EOA 1",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x3918b6ecc471211a942B0A904fbFb36302348f6B",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x3918…8f6B",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x3918b6ecc471211a942B0A904fbFb36302348f6B",
"displayName": "EOA 1"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Can interact with SequencerInbox\n * Add/remove batchPosters (Sequencers) \n * Can submit transaction batches or commitments to the SequencerInbox contract on the host chain ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-2",
"name": "EOA 2",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xAcB7D670bb95144B88a5Cd1883B87bC5021FD10a",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xAcB7…D10a",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAcB7D670bb95144B88a5Cd1883B87bC5021FD10a",
"displayName": "EOA 2"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Can interact with RollupProxy\n * Can propose new state roots (called nodes) and challenge state roots on the host chain ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-3",
"name": "EOA 3",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xba1E3EFfD2DD8CEb7054FEfb0cee8C4300D82C1a",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xba1E…2C1a",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xba1E3EFfD2DD8CEb7054FEfb0cee8C4300D82C1a",
"displayName": "EOA 3"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Can interact with NitroEnclaveVerifier\n * set the root certificate, add/remove ZK verifier routes, update verifier and aggregator program IDs, and change the ZK coprocessor configuration ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-4",
"name": "EOA 4",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xFb259F30199B4f4AB9c9a26019f83b195837075E",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xFb25…075E",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xFb259F30199B4f4AB9c9a26019f83b195837075E",
"displayName": "EOA 4"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Can upgrade **with no delay**\n * EspressoTEEVerifier [via: ProxyAdmin]",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
}
]
}
}+1 -1
{
"baseTimestamp": 1782463184,
"baseTimestamp": 1783073499,
"contractsDiscoDriven": true,
"hasDiscoUi": true,
"isDiscoDriven": true,
"permissionsDiscoDriven": true
}+0 -5
+0 -5
{
"consensusAlgorithm": {
"name": "CometBFT",
"description": "CometBFT is the canonical implementation of the Tendermint consensus algorithm.\n CometBFT allows for a state transition machine to be written in any programming language, and it allows for secure replication across many machines.\n The consensus protocol is fork-free by construction under an honest majority of stake assumption.",
"blockTime": 6,
"consensusFinality": 1,
"unbondingPeriod": 1213200
},
"dataAvailabilitySampling": {
"erasureCodingScheme": "2D Reed-Solomon",
"erasureCodingProof": "Fraud proofs"
},
"economicSecurity": {
"token": {
"symbol": "TIA",
"decimals": 6,
"coingeckoId": "celestia"
}
},
"finality": 6,
"pruningWindow": 608400,
"risks": {
"economicSecurity": {
"value": {
"value": "Staked assets",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "There are staked assets on the DA layer that can be slashed in case of a data withholding attack. A dishonest supermajority of validators must collude to finalize a block with missing or invalid data. The invalid block would be added to the chain but rejected by honest full nodes.\n "
},
"adjustSecurityRisk": true
},
"fraudDetection": {
"value": "DAS",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The DA layer uses data availability sampling (DAS) to protect against data withholding attacks. However, the block reconstruction protocol, which enables the minimum number of light nodes to collectively reconstruct the block, is still under development.",
"secondLine": ""
}
},
"sovereignProjectsTrackingConfig": [
{
"projectId": "battle-for-blockchain",
"name": "Battle for Blockchain",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5047670,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKzFLTn1xOipecg="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "bullet",
"name": "Bullet",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 10168980,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGJsdGJhdGNoLWw="
},
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 10183821,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGJsdGJhdGNoLXQ="
},
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 10456208,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGJsdGJhdGNoLXo="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "camp",
"name": "Camp",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 6459709,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB7AAAAAAAAAeQ="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "civitia",
"name": "Civitia",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 4492300,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEwLOhV+kOUlUq4="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "clique",
"name": "Clique",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 3161819,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARQV7t6sd4A="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "echelon",
"name": "Echelon",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5659637,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAItyY42OaTC/skE="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "echos",
"name": "Echos",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 3161819,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/cZMN1XLG8="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "embr-fun",
"name": "Embr.fun",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5954601,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMbONmnisjTDz4I="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "flame",
"name": "Flame",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 3161819,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAL2dxfeNrJ+tg6Y="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "flynet",
"name": "Flynet",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5188001,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACyPE7Ql9zwA="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "forma",
"name": "Forma",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 3161819,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKKnitomrCy/HoY="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "foundation-network",
"name": "Foundation Network",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 3667737,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAN/xAxpagCrjLVQ="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "hibachi",
"name": "Hibachi",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5979823,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABoaWJhY2hpLXM="
},
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5981133,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGhpYmFjaGk="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "ing",
"name": "ING",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5945453,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALdhUSKgKHU0Zx0="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "inertia",
"name": "Inertia",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5941532,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEg2If2QGyq4ZRQ="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "intergaze",
"name": "Intergaze",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5748411,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIoZCJNLh1XvOZA="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "milkyway",
"name": "Milkyway",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5298640,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB2AZsEwLd1LLHk="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "onchain",
"name": "Onchain",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 3161819,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABNfLrOLSCTY="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "perennial",
"name": "Perennial",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 3886561,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAaToZYrE0tA="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "rave",
"name": "Rave",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5645296,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAF45zaUciayEPXE="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "relay-chain",
"name": "Relay Chain",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 9272873,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHJlbGF5LWRhdGE="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "rena",
"name": "Rena",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5775045,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMxohfftlR5t59s="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "rivalz-network",
"name": "Rivalz Network",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 4932528,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMJ/xGlNMdE="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "xo-market",
"name": "XO Market",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 8164261,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACnGTcXcpKRnenc="
},
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 8383370,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEjr00EdZDGvoMU="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "yominet",
"name": "Yominet",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5966190,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFjh+OUc/ORU/0o="
}
]
},
{
"projectId": "zaar",
"name": "Zaar",
"daTrackingConfig": [
{
"type": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 5587852,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAM8NBxiaOQwFwQc="
}
]
}
],
"systemCategory": "public",
"technology": {
"description": "## Architecture\n\n\n\n## Consensus\nCelestia uses CometBFT, the canonical implementation of Tendermint consensus protocol. The consensus protocol is fork-free by construction under an honest majority of stake assumption.\nCelestia achieves finality at each block, with an average time between blocks of 6 seconds.\n## Blobs\nIn Celestia, blobs are user-submitted data that do not modify the blockchain state. \nEach blob has two components, one is a binary object of raw data bytes, and the other is the namespace of the specific application for which the blob data is intended for.\n\n\n\n\nAll data posted in a Celestia blob is divided into chunks of fixed size, called shares, and each blob is arranged in a k * k matrix of shares. The maximum original square size is 512 (k = 512), for a total of 262,144 shares.\n\n\n\n\nCelestia shares' rows and columns are erasure-coded into a 2k * 2k matrix and committed to in a Namespaced Merkle Trees (NMTs), a version of a standard Merkle tree using a namespaced hash function. \nIn NMTs, every node in the tree includes the range of namespaces of all its child nodes, allowing applications to request and retrieve data for a specific namespace sub-tree while maintaining all functionalities (e.g., inclusion and range proofs) of a standard Merkle tree.\n\n\n\n\nUltimately, a single data root (availableDataRoot) of the Merkle tree is computed with the row and column roots as leaves. This data root is included in the block header as the root of commitments to erasure-coded data so that individual shares in the matrix can be proven to belong to a single data root.\n\n\n\n\n## Data Availability Sampling (DAS)\n\nTo ensure data availability, Celestia light nodes perform sampling on the 2k x 2k data matrix. Each light node randomly selects a set of unique coordinates within the extended matrix and requests the corresponding data shares and Merkle proofs from full nodes.\nCurrently, a Celestia light node must perform a minimum of 16 samples before declaring that a block is available.\nThis sampling rate ensures that given the minimum number of unavailable shares, a light client will sample at least one unavailable share with a 99% probability.\n\nFor more details on DAS probabilistic analysis, see the Fraud and Data Availability Proofs paper.\n\n\n\n\n## Erasure Coding Proof\nLight nodes performing data availability sampling must have the guarantee that the sampled data is erasure coded correctly. In Celestia, light nodes can be notified of a maliciously encoded block through Bad Encoding Fraud Proofs (BEFPs). Full nodes receiving invalid erasure-coded data can generate a fraud-proof to be transmitted to all light and full nodes in the DA network. The proof is generated by full nodes reconstructing the original data from the block data, and verifying that the recomputed data root matches the data root of the block header. \nUpon receiving and verifying the BEFP, all Celestia nodes should halt providing services (e.g., submitTx).\n\n## L2s Data Availability\nL2s can post data to Celestia by submitting blobs through a payForBlobs transaction. The transaction can include data as a single blob or multiple blobs, with the total maximum size determined by the maximum block size. The transaction fee is determined by the size of the data and the current gas price. \nApplications can then retrieve the data by querying the Celestia blockchain for the data root of the blob and the namespace of the application. The data can be reconstructed by querying the Celestia network for the shares of the data matrix and reconstructing the data using the erasure coding scheme.",
"references": [
{
"title": "Celestia Specifications",
"url": "https://celestiaorg.github.io/celestia-app/data_structures.html"
},
{
"title": "Celestia Core - CometBFT",
"url": "https://github.com/celestiaorg/celestia-core"
},
{
"title": "Celestia Node - Data Retrieval",
"url": "https://github.com/celestiaorg/celestia-node/blob/9ff58570ef86e505b718abfc755fd18643a2284c/share/eds/retriever.go#L60"
},
{
"title": "Bad Encoding Fraud Proofs",
"url": "https://github.com/celestiaorg/celestia-node/blob/main/docs/adr/adr-006-fraud-service.md"
},
{
"title": "Fraud and Data Availability Proofs paper",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.09044"
}
],
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "a dishonest supermajority of Celestia validators finalizes an unavailable block, and there aren't light nodes on the network verifying data availability, or they fail at social signaling unavailable data."
},
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "a dishonest supermajority of Celestia validators finalizes an unavailable block, and the light nodes on the network cannot collectively reconstruct the block."
}
]
},
"throughput": [
{
"size": 33554432,
"frequency": 6,
"sinceTimestamp": 1764802980
},
{
"size": 8388608,
"frequency": 6,
"sinceTimestamp": 1738022400
},
{
"size": 1974272,
"frequency": 6,
"sinceTimestamp": 1733961600
},
{
"size": 1974272,
"frequency": 12,
"sinceTimestamp": 1698710400
}
],
"type": "Public Blockchain",
"usedWithoutBridgeIn": [
{
"id": "ancient",
"name": "Ancient8",
"slug": "ancient8"
},
{
"id": "b3",
"name": "B3",
"slug": "b3"
},
{
"id": "lyra",
"name": "Derive",
"slug": "derive"
},
{
"id": "eclipse",
"name": "Eclipse",
"slug": "eclipse"
},
{
"id": "karak",
"name": "K2",
"slug": "k2"
},
{
"id": "lightlink",
"name": "LightLink",
"slug": "lightlink"
},
{
"id": "mantapacific",
"name": "Manta Pacific",
"slug": "mantapacific"
},
{
"id": "nillion",
"name": "Nillion",
"slug": "nillion"
},
{
"id": "orderly",
"name": "Orderly Network",
"slug": "orderly"
},
{
"id": "settlus",
"name": "Settlus",
"slug": "settlus"
},
{
"id": "river",
"name": "Towns",
"slug": "towns"
}
],
"validators": {
"type": "dynamic"
}
}+0 -5
+0 -5
{
"economicSecurity": {
"token": {
"symbol": "ESP",
"decimals": 18,
"coingeckoId": "espresso"
}
},
"risks": {
"economicSecurity": {
"value": {
"value": "No slashing",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "Although node operators are required to stake ESP tokens to become members of the DA network, there is no slashing mechanism in place for misbehaving nodes."
},
"adjustSecurityRisk": false
},
"fraudDetection": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is no fraud detection mechanism in place. A data withholding attack can only be detected by nodes downloading the full data from the DA layer."
}
},
"systemCategory": "public",
"technology": {
"description": "## Architecture\n\n\n## Consensus\n\nEspresso uses the HotShot consensus protocol, a communication-efficient proof-of-stake system that is Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT).\nThe validator set is permissionless: anyone can stake ESP tokens and the top 100 validators by total stake form the active consensus set, which is dynamically adjusted at epoch boundaries.\nBuilt on HotStuff-2, it achieves linear communication complexity using a pacemaker module to synchronize views and ensures safety and liveness as long as over two-thirds of the stake is controlled by honest nodes.\nAlthough validators are required to stake ESP to participate, there is currently no slashing mechanism in place for misbehaving nodes.\n\nHotShot operates in a view-by-view manner, where each view designates a leader and an external builder. \nDuring a view, the consensus proposer finalizes a block with a certificate of availability by utilizing Espresso DA for data availability.\n\n## Data Availability Certificate\n\nOnce the proposer sends data to HotShot node operators, they initiate Espresso DA's three layers of data availability:\n\n- **VID Layer**: Disperses erasure-coded data to all nodes. VID layer nodes only store chunks of the data.\n- **DA Committee Layer**: Uploads the data and commitment to a small DA committee. Every node in the committee stores the full data.\n- **CDN Layer**: Uploads the full data to a content delivery network (CDN). \n\nOnce nodes receive and store the data, they return votes to the proposer. DAVotes are votes from committee nodes storing the full data, while QuorumVotes are votes from nodes storing erasure-coded shares of the data.\nA DA certificate consists of two components, the retrievability certificate and the optimistic DAC certificate:\n\n- **Retrievability Certificate**: Formed when the DA leader collects 2/3 + 1 QuorumVotes.\n- **Optimistic DAC Certificate**: Formed when the DA leader gathers 2/3 + 1 DAVotes from the DA committee. Currently, the committee size is 21 members, so the threshold is 15 signatures.\n\n\nOnce the DAC is formed, the DA leader stops broadcasting data to the nodes.\n\n## L2s Data Availability\n\nThe life cycle of L2 transactions begins with users submitting transactions to the Espresso DA mempool through an RPC endpoint, or directly to the block builder private mempool, including a namespace ID to indicate the target L2 rollup. \nA DA leader collects and disperses these transactions across Espresso DA's layers to form a DA certificate. The leader then broadcasts a proposal with a vector commitment for the transactions to the HotShot consensus layer. \nThe finalization of the block commitment in HotShot establishes data availability for the corresponding transactions.\nAfter block finalization in HotShot, the relayer propagates the commitment and quorum certificates to the L1 Light Client contract, which verifies the certificate and the HotShot state SNARK proof via the verifyProof function. \n\n\n\nUsers can retrieve data by querying any of Espresso DA's layers, though the VID layer is slower due to the reconstruction of erasure-coded shares. L2s can also use a verifyInclusion function on an L1 light client smart contract to confirm a blob's inclusion in the Espresso DA HotShot chain."
},
"throughput": [
{
"size": 1000000,
"frequency": 2,
"sinceTimestamp": 1731283200
}
],
"type": "Public Blockchain",
"usedWithoutBridgeIn": [
{
"id": "apechain",
"name": "ApeChain",
"slug": "apechain"
},
{
"id": "appchain",
"name": "Appchain",
"slug": "appchain"
}
],
"validators": {
"type": "dynamic"
}
}+25 -18
+1 -1
{
"arbitrum": {
"roles": [],
"actors": [
{
"id": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"description": "A Multisig with 4/10 threshold. \n* Can upgrade **with no delay**\n * SequencerInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * Inbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * RollupEventInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * RollupProxy [via: UpgradeExecutor]\n * Outbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * EdgeChallengeManager [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * Bridge [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * UpgradeExecutor [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n* Can interact with RollupProxy\n * Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability and DACs, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes [via: UpgradeExecutor]",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x79C2abE3eBA9dc119318FdAaA48118e1CDB53F56",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x79C2…3F56",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x79C2abE3eBA9dc119318FdAaA48118e1CDB53F56"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"references": [],
"participants": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xcdC931935768c0562AfE989A366a3Dc4d52F4853",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xcdC9…4853",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xcdC931935768c0562AfE989A366a3Dc4d52F4853"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xA9FCCc53F1c9095DA867Bd648683F8bdCcc78d09",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xA9FC…8d09",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA9FCCc53F1c9095DA867Bd648683F8bdCcc78d09"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x6BB4249858Ee19b6ABC071AD26bEe690baa783A6",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x6BB4…83A6",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x6BB4249858Ee19b6ABC071AD26bEe690baa783A6"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x2103c69696CB2D3779f5445393808239034E911c",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x2103…911c",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x2103c69696CB2D3779f5445393808239034E911c"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x81175155D85377C337d92f1FA52Da166C3A4E7Ac",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x8117…E7Ac",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x81175155D85377C337d92f1FA52Da166C3A4E7Ac"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xA0737fea60F0601A192E3d2c98865A883ab0bda2",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xA073…bda2",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA0737fea60F0601A192E3d2c98865A883ab0bda2"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xF3313C48BD8E17b823d5498D62F37019dFEA647D",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xF331…647D",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xF3313C48BD8E17b823d5498D62F37019dFEA647D"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x4D8007a0E9f293e62E2b0F43C6Cf4C4B9e135BAe",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x4D80…5BAe",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x4D8007a0E9f293e62E2b0F43C6Cf4C4B9e135BAe"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xa0C600a6e85bf225958FFAcC70B5FDDF9A059038",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xa0C6…9038",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xa0C600a6e85bf225958FFAcC70B5FDDF9A059038"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xefCf0c8faFB425997870f845e26fC6cA6EE6dD5C",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xefCf…dD5C",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xefCf0c8faFB425997870f845e26fC6cA6EE6dD5C"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "Ethereal Multisig",
"name": "Ethereal Multisig",
"description": "A Multisig with 5/11 threshold. ",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x33Fbf4E75d54bBec0e432B6dc27bDEa0ca5DEdf9",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x33Fb…Edf9",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x33Fbf4E75d54bBec0e432B6dc27bDEa0ca5DEdf9"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"references": [],
"participants": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xb93C042c688F1Cf038bab03C4F832F2630Bb7d8F",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xb93C…7d8F",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xb93C042c688F1Cf038bab03C4F832F2630Bb7d8F"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xFBE49A82CB2BFF6Fa4C2B1F0d165A5E1175Aac83",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xFBE4…ac83",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xFBE49A82CB2BFF6Fa4C2B1F0d165A5E1175Aac83"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x54D0D64f7326b128959bf37Ed7B5f2510656a471",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x54D0…a471",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x54D0D64f7326b128959bf37Ed7B5f2510656a471"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xE987E14b2E204fdf5827a3cFCa7D476E8Df6a99E",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xE987…a99E",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xE987E14b2E204fdf5827a3cFCa7D476E8Df6a99E"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xe5cA87dA3A209aD85FdcbB515e1bD92644e9E1A6",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xe5cA…E1A6",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xe5cA87dA3A209aD85FdcbB515e1bD92644e9E1A6"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x18d32B1AB042b5E9a3430e77fDE8B4783A019234",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x18d3…9234",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x18d32B1AB042b5E9a3430e77fDE8B4783A019234"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x99682F56F4ccCF61BD7e449924f2f62D395e1E45",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x9968…1E45",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x99682F56F4ccCF61BD7e449924f2f62D395e1E45"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0xE3F95F2e1aDEC092337FB5D93C1fE87558658b11",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xE3F9…8b11",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xE3F95F2e1aDEC092337FB5D93C1fE87558658b11"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x66892C66711B2640360C3123E6C23C0cFa50550F",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x6689…550F",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x66892C66711B2640360C3123E6C23C0cFa50550F"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x980742eDEA6b0df3566C19Ff4945c57E95449a13",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x9807…9a13",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x980742eDEA6b0df3566C19Ff4945c57E95449a13"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x690d1E0fac0599874b849EE88AeA27F7b348e1f2",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x690d…e1f2",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x690d1E0fac0599874b849EE88AeA27F7b348e1f2"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-1",
"name": "EOA 1",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x12473dC3cBefb64337B6c7A772F25f4d2d9b45c3",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x1247…45c3",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x12473dC3cBefb64337B6c7A772F25f4d2d9b45c3",
"displayName": "EOA 1"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Can interact with SequencerInbox\n * Can submit transaction batches or commitments to the SequencerInbox contract on the host chain ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-2",
"name": "EOA 2",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x80e046764185e776100A4f59079C2B00327f279A",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x80e0…279A",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x80e046764185e776100A4f59079C2B00327f279A",
"displayName": "EOA 2"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Can interact with RollupProxy\n * Can propose new state roots (called nodes) and challenge state roots on the host chain ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
}
]
},
"ethereal": {
"roles": [],
"actors": [
{
"id": "SafeL2",
"name": "SafeL2",
"description": "A Multisig with 3/5 threshold. \n* Can upgrade **with no delay**\n * ExchangeGateway \n* Can interact with ExchangeGateway\n * this primary administrator can modify system parameters, add or remove tokens, sequencers, emergency pausers, delegate depositors, and claimers. They also manage fee schedules and perpetual products, liquidator details, implementation pointers and other essential exchange settings ",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0x14Fb412e1B692Cfc8C56ec285169e8bF27A7a351",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x14Fb…a351",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x14Fb412e1B692Cfc8C56ec285169e8bF27A7a351"
}
],
"chain": "ethereal",
"references": [],
"participants": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0xcE7a6c96B0a351081a6053e6C95FA616555f3fb9",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xcE7a…3fb9",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xcE7a6c96B0a351081a6053e6C95FA616555f3fb9"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0x9D2178879e0387B1820168463670c43889536042",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x9D21…6042",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x9D2178879e0387B1820168463670c43889536042"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0x4320A9290720462F0cd5dfB0F0B9bD4D4A74A8D3",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x4320…A8D3",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x4320A9290720462F0cd5dfB0F0B9bD4D4A74A8D3"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0xF3D11F9829Fdb9F61a7d987CCAa858054E80Eb33",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xF3D1…Eb33",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xF3D11F9829Fdb9F61a7d987CCAa858054E80Eb33"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0xb6349012024331A6989cdc4cfDf480C40cfAE058",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xb634…E058",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xb6349012024331A6989cdc4cfDf480C40cfAE058"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "SafeL2",
"name": "SafeL2",
"description": "A Multisig with 5/10 threshold. \n* Can interact with OrbitNativeOFTAdapter\n * modify the LayerZero security stack of this OApp, which defines the main trust assumptions for users owning the native token and also potentially affects and is affected by all connected crosschain peers ",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0x3F93bCc6201558aE2d7528a85575cF07679Bb50e",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x3F93…b50e",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x3F93bCc6201558aE2d7528a85575cF07679Bb50e"
}
],
"chain": "ethereal",
"references": [],
"participants": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0x66096e581863EC2682e4E317Da41B80510a274F6",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x6609…74F6",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x66096e581863EC2682e4E317Da41B80510a274F6"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0xb93C042c688F1Cf038bab03C4F832F2630Bb7d8F",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xb93C…7d8F",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xb93C042c688F1Cf038bab03C4F832F2630Bb7d8F"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0x54D0D64f7326b128959bf37Ed7B5f2510656a471",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x54D0…a471",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x54D0D64f7326b128959bf37Ed7B5f2510656a471"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0xE987E14b2E204fdf5827a3cFCa7D476E8Df6a99E",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xE987…a99E",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xE987E14b2E204fdf5827a3cFCa7D476E8Df6a99E"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0xe5cA87dA3A209aD85FdcbB515e1bD92644e9E1A6",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xe5cA…E1A6",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xe5cA87dA3A209aD85FdcbB515e1bD92644e9E1A6"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0x18d32B1AB042b5E9a3430e77fDE8B4783A019234",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x18d3…9234",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x18d32B1AB042b5E9a3430e77fDE8B4783A019234"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0x99682F56F4ccCF61BD7e449924f2f62D395e1E45",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x9968…1E45",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x99682F56F4ccCF61BD7e449924f2f62D395e1E45"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0xE3F95F2e1aDEC092337FB5D93C1fE87558658b11",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xE3F9…8b11",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xE3F95F2e1aDEC092337FB5D93C1fE87558658b11"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0x66892C66711B2640360C3123E6C23C0cFa50550F",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x6689…550F",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x66892C66711B2640360C3123E6C23C0cFa50550F"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0x980742eDEA6b0df3566C19Ff4945c57E95449a13",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x9807…9a13",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x980742eDEA6b0df3566C19Ff4945c57E95449a13"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "SafeL2",
"name": "SafeL2",
"description": "A Multisig with 2/3 threshold. \n* Can interact with ExchangeGateway\n * receive exchange fees ",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0x58a16791037dF85CCbc3A65DE5a8401Fd04C8aC8",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x58a1…8aC8",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x58a16791037dF85CCbc3A65DE5a8401Fd04C8aC8"
}
],
"chain": "ethereal",
"references": [],
"participants": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0xb6349012024331A6989cdc4cfDf480C40cfAE058",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xb634…E058",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xb6349012024331A6989cdc4cfDf480C40cfAE058"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0xF3D11F9829Fdb9F61a7d987CCAa858054E80Eb33",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xF3D1…Eb33",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xF3D11F9829Fdb9F61a7d987CCAa858054E80Eb33"
},
{
"address": "ethereal:0x4320A9290720462F0cd5dfB0F0B9bD4D4A74A8D3",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x4320…A8D3",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x4320A9290720462F0cd5dfB0F0B9bD4D4A74A8D3"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-3",
"name": "EOA 3",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0x98046Bd286715D3B0BC227Dd7a956b83D8978603",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x9804…8603",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x98046Bd286715D3B0BC227Dd7a956b83D8978603",
"displayName": "EOA 3"
}
],
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "* Can upgrade **with no delay**\n * PythLazer \n* Can interact with PythLazer\n * update the trusted offchain signer ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-4",
"name": "EOA 4",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0x9D4F46b2595F596fC826Db2e5A6c32bCfE8BdDA5",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x9D4F…dDA5",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x9D4F46b2595F596fC826Db2e5A6c32bCfE8BdDA5",
"displayName": "EOA 4"
}
],
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "* Can interact with ExchangeGateway\n * take over liquidated accounts ",
"description": "* Can interact with ExchangeGateway\n * take over liquidated accounts, then settle funding and PnL on the resulting positions via the PerpEngine ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-5",
"name": "EOA 5",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "ethereal:0xFD65878abf4cc5D4219bBBa10009885511626cad",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xFD65…6cad",
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xFD65878abf4cc5D4219bBBa10009885511626cad",
"displayName": "EOA 5"
}
],
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "* Can interact with ExchangeGateway\n * trusted off-chain operator that bundles user actions and submits them for on-chain execution, only role that can call the core state-transition function processActions in the Exchange contract ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
}
]
}
}+23 -16
{
"addresses": {
"arbitrum": [
{
"name": "SequencerInbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x0E2480384E3703FDf84c7A0448658E8C7543b3a8",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1758570590,
"transactionHash": "0xea3190e2248e13d16ca5157e1f44d98de19a93595aa644e2622629ebdaa19e0d",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x289b8F787Ab752b039C477B98016869f6b8AE772"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1770631406,
"transactionHash": "0xdb6ad9c2efe65f5130149cc9cce9f3ab4cb89bcfbd7156028f5c8399babf62bf",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xC08A4543b011fd4f1EfC9e26521F4e157433b3b1"
]
}
],
"description": "A sequencer (registered in this contract) can submit transaction batches or commitments here.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2\n * **batchPosters**: EOA 1",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x0E2480384E3703FDf84c7A0448658E8C7543b3a8#code"
},
{
"name": "RollupProxy",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x75c070fe237817Bd027d402327069e9cd07De078",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "Arbitrum proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xDde7f92D0f2225f5951564D387e158b9b57f95F3"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x8dA371823A4937e5F371B7b53876Ee34d5d5E520",
"arb1:0x56411606380fD9eF28DB1AAc3897Bd4a24F26606"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1770631406,
"transactionHash": "0xdb6ad9c2efe65f5130149cc9cce9f3ab4cb89bcfbd7156028f5c8399babf62bf",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x8dA371823A4937e5F371B7b53876Ee34d5d5E520",
"arb1:0x56411606380fD9eF28DB1AAc3897Bd4a24F26606"
]
}
],
"description": "Central contract for the project's configuration like its execution logic hash (`wasmModuleRoot`) and addresses of the other system contracts. Entry point for Proposers creating new assertions (state commitments) and Challengers submitting fraud proofs (In the Orbit stack, these two roles are both called Validators).\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2\n * **getValidators**: EOA 2\n * **owner**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x75c070fe237817Bd027d402327069e9cd07De078#code"
},
{
"name": "EdgeChallengeManager",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xA4444d9536595d35967206b86067a90aD053e1EF",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1770631406,
"transactionHash": "0xdb6ad9c2efe65f5130149cc9cce9f3ab4cb89bcfbd7156028f5c8399babf62bf",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x1Ef281CD6BD48affD9C44Cb590858FCfF92DE821"
]
}
],
"description": "Contract that implements the main challenge protocol logic of the fraud proof system.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA4444d9536595d35967206b86067a90aD053e1EF#code"
},
{
"name": "Bridge",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xd86f5ad3fa5becbB07e565DbD4b70DBd817A43A8",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1758570590,
"transactionHash": "0xea3190e2248e13d16ca5157e1f44d98de19a93595aa644e2622629ebdaa19e0d",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x92329713Dc1a897D67a1C7f2a40eeeA83F5362CE"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1770631406,
"transactionHash": "0xdb6ad9c2efe65f5130149cc9cce9f3ab4cb89bcfbd7156028f5c8399babf62bf",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7"
]
}
],
"description": "Escrow contract for the project's gas token (can be different from ETH). Keeps a list of allowed Inboxes and Outboxes for canonical bridge messaging.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xd86f5ad3fa5becbB07e565DbD4b70DBd817A43A8#code"
},
{
"name": "UpgradeExecutor",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xDde7f92D0f2225f5951564D387e158b9b57f95F3",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xb6298031A9536600EBB8B59f3DD24b0e33d86008"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1758570590,
"transactionHash": "0xea3190e2248e13d16ca5157e1f44d98de19a93595aa644e2622629ebdaa19e0d",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xb6298031A9536600EBB8B59f3DD24b0e33d86008"
]
}
],
"description": "Central contract defining the access control permissions for upgrading the system contract implementations.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2\n * **executors**: Conduit Multisig 2",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xDde7f92D0f2225f5951564D387e158b9b57f95F3#code"
},
{
"name": "Inbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x574b121c469583c3a46cd88bBCC9Ac5c8C907d06",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1758570590,
"transactionHash": "0xea3190e2248e13d16ca5157e1f44d98de19a93595aa644e2622629ebdaa19e0d",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xb0de8855D29C00ad0710BC7a9975f0534deFc227"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1770631406,
"transactionHash": "0xdb6ad9c2efe65f5130149cc9cce9f3ab4cb89bcfbd7156028f5c8399babf62bf",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x08b1395a2Ee51073d6B9ebF9E97FBeb09dcAcAf1"
]
}
],
"description": "Facilitates sending L1 to L2 messages like depositing ETH, but does not escrow funds.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x574b121c469583c3a46cd88bBCC9Ac5c8C907d06#code"
},
{
"name": "Outbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xA2A5DCA414e3AaBD48B9CA97426f7e3Fba967492",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1758570590,
"transactionHash": "0xea3190e2248e13d16ca5157e1f44d98de19a93595aa644e2622629ebdaa19e0d",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xd2e4Cc9Ec636eC9cFE840A2cF6ca32B690fD921A"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1770631406,
"transactionHash": "0xdb6ad9c2efe65f5130149cc9cce9f3ab4cb89bcfbd7156028f5c8399babf62bf",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x99761fAc22FcE23498F8004ac4025F822fEdce95"
]
}
],
"description": "Facilitates L2 to L1 contract calls: Messages initiated from L2 (for example withdrawal messages) eventually resolve in execution on L1.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xA2A5DCA414e3AaBD48B9CA97426f7e3Fba967492#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProverHostIo",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x18Cc27B3a95a6FdEf9EAA391eff28F48F42fFe3F",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x18Cc27B3a95a6FdEf9EAA391eff28F48F42fFe3F#code"
},
{
"name": "ERC20MigrationOutbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x3515ad5D3D904Cb2731A7d6E5DB9f35D6CAFEB14",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "Simple contract that, if set as allowedOutbox in the Bridge, allows to sweep all native tokens from the escrow to Ethereal Multisig.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x3515ad5D3D904Cb2731A7d6E5DB9f35D6CAFEB14#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProverMemory",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x583F8BA007580c83EFB4B02C66694096cD5c56d1",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x583F8BA007580c83EFB4B02C66694096cD5c56d1#code"
},
{
"name": "RollupEventInbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x5D6bec85F093Eb49bD6913aCe7e9A081c41aed8F",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1758570590,
"transactionHash": "0xea3190e2248e13d16ca5157e1f44d98de19a93595aa644e2622629ebdaa19e0d",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x4b4fdb082b44490c9AEEd91C932c3E33AAbfF653"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1770631406,
"transactionHash": "0xdb6ad9c2efe65f5130149cc9cce9f3ab4cb89bcfbd7156028f5c8399babf62bf",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x9fD20D42Cf52B1A0dEf8e95AD8d2E92B58ECa51B"
]
}
],
"description": "Helper contract sending configuration data over the bridge during the systems initialization.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately Conduit Multisig 2",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "Conduit Multisig 2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x5D6bec85F093Eb49bD6913aCe7e9A081c41aed8F#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProofEntry",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x61006c8566fac9a3315F646dA4624C00BbCF15E4",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x61006c8566fac9a3315F646dA4624C00BbCF15E4#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProver0",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x78B101eC9736c4Ab06b0833f01Fd4c011f7CA612",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x78B101eC9736c4Ab06b0833f01Fd4c011f7CA612#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProverMath",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xB08Ca18499389ABfDF7b14b09BD2Bd4d56D7fbbb",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xB08Ca18499389ABfDF7b14b09BD2Bd4d56D7fbbb#code"
},
{
"name": "ProxyAdmin",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Roles:\n * **owner**: UpgradeExecutor",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2#code"
}
],
"ethereal": [
{
"name": "PerpEngine",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0x5e26faca3898F6fF88A6ae0Be08a290Ad9f3C3c8",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "Auxiliary contract of the ExchangeGateway.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x5e26faca3898F6fF88A6ae0Be08a290Ad9f3C3c8#code"
},
{
"name": "Liquidation",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0x636DE0449C4175C8AA66989ab34fab5373e044f1",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "Auxiliary contract of the ExchangeGateway.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x636DE0449C4175C8AA66989ab34fab5373e044f1#code"
},
{
"name": "CollateralManager",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0x638D6DaC0550f30f37aC5784260309Ac89302faA",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "Auxiliary contract of the ExchangeGateway.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x638D6DaC0550f30f37aC5784260309Ac89302faA#code"
},
{
"name": "ActionHandler",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0x70702e58005f3b91f9c8dFBe3A170051Ee61cf96",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "Auxiliary contract of the ExchangeGateway.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x70702e58005f3b91f9c8dFBe3A170051Ee61cf96#code"
},
{
"name": "OrbitNativeOFTAdapter",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0x80F981abC18A48CfdbDe5556F9B72e6a726F0FF3",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "An OApp in the LayerZero protocol. It allows to mint the native token using the arbNativeTokenManager precompile on ArbOs. This means that the native token inherits all trust assumptions of the LayerZero security stack configured for this OApp and its crosschein peers, including minting and burning.\n* Roles:\n * **owner**: SafeL2",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0x80F981abC18A48CfdbDe5556F9B72e6a726F0FF3#code"
},
{
"name": "PythLazer",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0xACeA761c27A909d4D3895128EBe6370FDE2dF481",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"ethereal:0x98046Bd286715D3B0BC227Dd7a956b83D8978603"
],
"implementations": [
"ethereal:0x486908B534E34D1Ca04d12F01b5Bf47aC62A68F5"
]
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1758743720,
"transactionHash": "0x10c96fa49c416b2c5064728b2e683e0ffe68885629e4f4ab4046a516184993c3",
"implementations": [
"ethereal:0x486908B534E34D1Ca04d12F01b5Bf47aC62A68F5"
]
}
],
"description": "Used to verify offchain signed oracle data.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: EOA 3\n * **owner**: EOA 3",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"id": "EOA-3",
"name": "EOA 3",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xACeA761c27A909d4D3895128EBe6370FDE2dF481#code"
},
{
"name": "ExchangeGateway",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0xB3cDC82035C495c484C9fF11eD5f3Ff6d342e3cc",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"ethereal:0x14Fb412e1B692Cfc8C56ec285169e8bF27A7a351"
],
"implementations": [
"ethereal:0x6F4888af4c37D9Da8545b4766646e2891e47b1db"
"ethereal:0xd03959377f5DF4CB08A6bB1aec93ddE2141fC3A0"
]
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1760534426,
"transactionHash": "0x04a67ea928eab86c5df00ab440dbc47745f199286b8478ef520c8f6fc6b804d0",
"implementations": [
"ethereal:0x922Eb912285225c25428bC4Aaf4C31Eb73C07f6d"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1776326201,
"transactionHash": "0x5af5474916ab2d51c82b367a4de90b08e07eb9dd8bc452788c9856ff70cabad2",
"implementations": [
"ethereal:0x6F4888af4c37D9Da8545b4766646e2891e47b1db"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1781832855,
"transactionHash": "0x7e8bc19dd02c63ae22cba5f88603c784cbcd2bd6230e11491b2b80d601ee4967",
"implementations": [
"ethereal:0xd03959377f5DF4CB08A6bB1aec93ddE2141fC3A0"
]
}
],
"description": "Main contract of the Ethereal DEX. Entrypoint for users to deposit and withdraw funds and for operators submit user actions.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: SafeL2\n * **getFeeCollector**: SafeL2\n * **getLiquidator**: EOA 4\n * **owner**: SafeL2\n * **registeredSequencers**: EOA 5",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "SafeL2",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xB3cDC82035C495c484C9fF11eD5f3Ff6d342e3cc#code"
},
{
"name": "ExchangeConfig",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0xC199cC890F61B847bec9cec4212C35b759A9fD38",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "Auxiliary contract of the ExchangeGateway.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xC199cC890F61B847bec9cec4212C35b759A9fD38#code"
},
{
"name": "PerpEngine",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0xCc0385301a10191b7ac633A64742a34F2e4cFB37",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "Auxiliary contract of the ExchangeGateway.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xCc0385301a10191b7ac633A64742a34F2e4cFB37#code"
},
{
"name": "Deleverage",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "ethereal:0xF0597CF73cBdB97484c439533bdDBF733BfDf84B",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "ethereal",
"description": "Auxiliary contract of the ExchangeGateway.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://explorer.ethereal.trade/address/0xF0597CF73cBdB97484c439533bdDBF733BfDf84B#code"
}
]
},
"escrows": [
{
"address": "0xd86f5ad3fa5becbB07e565DbD4b70DBd817A43A8",
"sinceTimestamp": 1758570590,
"tokens": [
"USDe"
],
"contract": {
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xd86f5ad3fa5becbB07e565DbD4b70DBd817A43A8",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xc1136ea5F91f82cb468Fc7650579A95605D9f5C2"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1758570590,
"transactionHash": "0xea3190e2248e13d16ca5157e1f44d98de19a93595aa644e2622629ebdaa19e0d",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x92329713Dc1a897D67a1C7f2a40eeeA83F5362CE"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1770631406,
"transactionHash": "0xdb6ad9c2efe65f5130149cc9cce9f3ab4cb89bcfbd7156028f5c8399babf62bf",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x31127A9c0308d8E3F6db5158a14aD674f22946d7"
]
}
],
"description": "Contract managing Inboxes and Outboxes. It escrows USDe sent to L2.",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ProxyAdmin",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xd86f5ad3fa5becbB07e565DbD4b70DBd817A43A8#code"
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"includeInTotal": false,
"chainId": 42161
}
],
"programHashes": [
{
"title": "ArbOS wasmModuleRoot v51",
"description": "A commitment to the exact WASM binary version used for Orbit stack optimistic dispute games.",
"verificationStatus": "successful",
"programUrl": "https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro/tree/consensus-v51/arbos",
"verificationSteps": "Even though the program is compiled in docker for reproducibility reasons, it gives the correct results only on linux OS. Steps below were done on Ubuntu 22.04 OS. The steps below consume ~35 GiB disk space.\n\n1. Install docker [https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/).\n2. Checkout the correct branch in [nitro](https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro) repo: `git checkout consensus-v51` . Commit hash should be `03949e76071f048c850d721c7a378a2e4b3fbd09`.\n3. Update git submodules `git submodule update --init --recursive --force`.\n4. Generate wasm module root in docker: `docker buildx build --target nitro-node-dev -t nitro-node-dev .`.\n5. Export the value from the docker: `docker run --rm --entrypoint cat nitro-node-dev /home/user/target/machines/latest/module-root.txt`.",
"hash": "0x8a7513bf7bb3e3db04b0d982d0e973bcf57bf8b88aef7c6d03dba3a81a56a499"
}
],
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be stolen if",
"text": "the custom whitelisted Outbox or its destination Multisig is compromised.",
"isCritical": true
},
{
"category": "Funds can be stolen if",
"text": "a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades.",
"isCritical": true
}
],
"zkVerifiers": []
}+1 -1
{
"baseTimestamp": 1781510846,
"baseTimestamp": 1783426843,
"contractsDiscoDriven": true,
"hasDiscoUi": true,
"isDiscoDriven": true,
"permissionsDiscoDriven": true
}+10 -0
+10 -0
{
"daLayer": "ethereum",
"name": "Enshrined Bridge",
"risks": {
"daBridge": {
"value": "Enshrined",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "Rollup users have access to all the data, as it is posted onchain on the consensus layer. On the execution layer, the rollup relies on blob data commitment (versioned hashes), which are accessible through the BLOBHASH opcode. \nThe rollup smart contracts can use these blob commitments during state transition validation to reference blobs during proof verification, without requiring direct access to the raw blob data.\n "
},
"callout": "Unlike non-enshrined DA bridges, it does not place any honesty\nassumption on an external committee that provides data availability\nattestations to the DA bridge. From the rollup perspective,\nEthereum's canonical chain cannot contain unavailable data\ncommitments as full nodes self-verify the data availability of each\nblock, discarding blocks with unavailable data. The rollup state\nvalidating bridge has access to all the data, as it is posted on chain."
},
"technology": {
"description": "## Enshrined Bridge\nThe DA bridge on Ethereum is enshrined, meaning that blob data is directly accessible on the consensus layer, with data availability guaranteed by the network's inherent consensus rules. \nIf a block contains unavailable data, full nodes will reject it, causing the chain to fork away from that block. This ensures data availability without requiring additional trust assumptions. \nIn contrast, external DA providers must rely on data availability attestations from the external validator set, introducing an extra layer of trust on the majority of validators."
},
"usedIn": [
{
"id": "abstract",
"name": "Abstract",
"slug": "abstract"
},
{
"id": "adi",
"name": "ADI Chain",
"slug": "adi"
},
{
"id": "apechain",
"name": "ApeChain",
"slug": "apechain"
},
{
"id": "arbitrum",
"name": "Arbitrum One",
"slug": "arbitrum"
},
{
"id": "aztecnetwork",
"name": "Aztec Network",
"slug": "aztecnetwork"
},
{
"id": "base",
"name": "Base Chain",
"slug": "base"
},
{
"id": "blast",
"name": "Blast",
"slug": "blast"
},
{
"id": "bob",
"name": "BOB",
"slug": "bob"
},
{
"id": "bobanetwork",
"name": "Boba Network",
"slug": "bobanetwork"
},
{
"id": "cartesi-prt-honeypot-v2",
"name": "Cartesi PRT Honeypot v2",
"slug": "cartesi-prt-honeypot-v2"
},
{
"id": "dbk",
"name": "DeBank Chain",
"slug": "dbk"
},
{
"id": "deri",
"name": "Deri",
"slug": "deri"
},
{
"id": "ethscriptions",
"name": "Ethscriptions",
"slug": "ethscriptions"
},
{
"id": "facet",
"name": "Facet",
"slug": "facet"
},
{
"id": "fluent",
"name": "Fluent",
"slug": "fluent"
},
{
"id": "forknet",
"name": "Forknet",
"slug": "forknet"
},
{
"id": "hashkey",
"name": "HashKey Chain",
"slug": "hashkey"
},
{
"id": "hemi",
"name": "Hemi",
"slug": "hemi"
},
{
"id": "ink",
"name": "Ink",
"slug": "ink"
},
{
"id": "karak",
"name": "K2",
"slug": "k2"
},
{
"id": "katana",
"name": "Katana",
"slug": "katana"
},
{
"id": "lighter",
"name": "Lighter",
"slug": "lighter"
},
{
"id": "linea",
"name": "Linea",
"slug": "linea"
},
{
"id": "lisk",
"name": "Lisk",
"slug": "lisk"
},
{
"id": "mantle",
"name": "Mantle",
"slug": "mantle"
},
{
"id": "metal",
"name": "Metal",
"slug": "metal"
},
{
"id": "metis",
"name": "Metis Andromeda",
"slug": "metis"
},
{
"id": "mode",
"name": "Mode Network",
"slug": "mode"
},
{
"id": "morph",
"name": "Morph",
"slug": "morph"
},
{
"id": "optimism",
"name": "OP Mainnet",
"slug": "op-mainnet"
},
{
"id": "phala",
"name": "Phala",
"slug": "phala"
},
{
"id": "r0ar",
"name": "R0ar",
"slug": "r0ar"
},
{
"id": "race",
"name": "Race Network",
"slug": "race"
},
{
"id": "scroll",
"name": "Scroll",
"slug": "scroll"
},
{
"id": "shape",
"name": "Shape",
"slug": "shape"
},
{
"id": "soneium",
"name": "Soneium",
"slug": "soneium"
},
{
"id": "starknet",
"name": "Starknet",
"slug": "starknet"
},
{
"id": "superseed",
"name": "Superseed",
"slug": "superseed"
},
{
"id": "swan",
"name": "Swan Chain",
"slug": "swan"
},
{
"id": "swell",
"name": "Swellchain",
"slug": "swell"
},
{
"id": "sxnetwork",
"name": "SX Network",
"slug": "sxnetwork"
},
{
"id": "taiko",
"name": "Taiko Alethia",
"slug": "taiko"
},
{
"id": "unichain",
"name": "Unichain",
"slug": "unichain"
},
{
"id": "worldchain",
"name": "World Chain",
"slug": "world"
},
{
"id": "xlayer",
"name": "X Layer",
"slug": "xlayer"
},
{
"id": "zeronetwork",
"name": "ZERO Network",
"slug": "zeronetwork"
},
{
"id": "zircuit",
"name": "Zircuit",
"slug": "zircuit"
},
{
"id": "zksync2",
"name": "ZKsync Era",
"slug": "zksync-era"
},
{
"id": "zora",
"name": "Zora",
"slug": "zora"
}
]
}+48 -57
+4 -4
{
"badges": [
{
"id": "EVM",
"type": "VM",
"name": "EVM",
"description": "This project uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine to run its smart contracts and supports the Solidity programming language",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "vm",
"value": "EVM"
}
},
{
"id": "Celestia",
"id": "EthereumCalldata",
"type": "DA",
"name": "Celestia",
"description": "This project is posting its data to Celestia",
"name": "Ethereum with calldata",
"description": "This project is posting its data to Ethereum as calldata",
"action": {
"type": "publicDaHighlight",
"slug": "celestia"
"slug": "ethereum"
}
},
{
"id": "OPStack",
"type": "Stack",
"name": "Built on OP Stack",
"description": "The project is built on the OP Stack",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "stack",
"value": "OP Stack"
}
},
{
"id": "Caldera",
"type": "RaaS",
"name": "Caldera",
"description": "This project was deployed via the rollup-as-a-service provider Caldera",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "raas",
"value": "Caldera"
}
}
],
"description": "K2 is a general-purpose L2, which rebranded to the OpenGDP Network to soon become an asset tokenization-focused L1.",
"links": {
"websites": [
"https://karak.network/"
],
"bridges": [
"https://k2bridge.karak.network/"
],
"documentation": [
"https://docs.opengdp.network/get-started/introduction/start-here"
],
"explorers": [
"https://explorer.karak.network/"
],
"socialMedia": [
"https://twitter.com/Karak_Network",
"https://t.me/Karak_Network",
"https://discord.com/invite/opengdp"
]
}
}+7 -0
[
{
"title": "K2 switches from Celestia to Ethereum calldata",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x622333688CC1878C7ff4205c89bDe051798788A7",
"date": "2026-07-01T00:00:00Z",
"description": "K2 stops posting data to Celestia and starts posting batches directly to Ethereum as calldata.",
"type": "general"
},
{
"title": "Karak rebrands to OpenGDP",
"url": "https://x.com/OpenGDP/status/1990437951529226293",
"date": "2025-11-17T00:00:00Z",
"description": "Karak rebrands to OpenGDP.",
"type": "general"
},
{
"title": "K2 Network Early Access Launch",
"url": "https://x.com/Karak_Network/status/1762561646999068899?s=20",
"date": "2024-02-27T00:00:00Z",
"description": "K2 Network is live on mainnet.",
"type": "general"
}
]+1 -6
{
"capability": "universal",
"daLayer": [
"Celestia"
"Ethereum"
],
"hostChain": {
"id": "ethereum",
"slug": "ethereum",
"name": "Ethereum"
},
"layer": "layer2",
"purposes": [
"Universal"
],
"raas": "Caldera",
"reasonsForBeingOther": [
{
"label": "No proofs",
"shortDescription": "The proof system isn't fully functional",
"description": "Projects without a proper proof system fully rely on single entities to safely update the state. A malicious proposer can finalize an invalid state, which can cause loss of funds."
},
{
"label": "No DA bridge",
"shortDescription": "There is no data availability bridge",
"description": "Projects without a data availability bridge fully rely on single entities (the sequencer) to honestly rely available data roots on Ethereum. A malicious sequencer can collude with the proposer to finalize an unavailable state, which can cause loss of funds."
}
],
"stacks": [
"OP Stack"
],
"stage": "Stage 0",
"type": "Other",
"vm": [
"EVM"
]
}+11 -7
{
"missing": {
"nextStage": "Stage 1",
"requirements": [
"Users' withdrawals can be censored by the permissioned operators.",
"Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring."
],
"principle": "Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council to push a malicious upgrade, or sequencer+DA-committee collusion to withhold data and finalize invalid state roots, should be the only ways (other than bugs) to steal funds or block withdrawals indefinitely."
"principle": "Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council should be the only way (other than bugs) for a rollup to indefinitely block an L2→L1 message (e.g. a withdrawal) or push an invalid L2→L1 message (e.g. an invalid withdrawal) with a <7d exit window."
},
"stage": "Stage 0",
"summary": [
{
"stage": "Stage 0",
"requirements": [
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "The proof system is still under development."
},
{
"satisfied": true,
"description": "The project self-identifies as a Validium or Optimium."
"description": "The project calls itself a rollup."
},
{
"satisfied": true,
"description": "State roots are posted to Ethereum L1."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "The proof system is still under development."
"satisfied": true,
"description": "Inputs for the state transition function are posted to Ethereum L1."
},
{
"satisfied": true,
"description": "A source-available node exists that can reconstruct the L2 state when DA is accessible. Please note that the L2BEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code. [View code](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/develop/op-node)"
"description": "A source-available node exists that can recreate the state from Ethereum L1 data. Please note that the L2BEAT team has not verified the validity of the node source code. [View code](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/tree/develop/op-node)"
}
]
},
{
"stage": "Stage 1",
"requirements": [
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Users' withdrawals can be censored by the permissioned operators."
},
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Upgrades executed by actors with more centralized control than a Security Council provide less than 7d for users to exit if the permissioned operator is down or censoring."
}
],
"principle": {
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council to push a malicious upgrade, or sequencer+DA-committee collusion to withhold data and finalize invalid state roots, should be the only ways (other than bugs) to steal funds or block withdrawals indefinitely."
"description": "Compromising ≥75% of the Security Council should be the only way (other than bugs) for a rollup to indefinitely block an L2→L1 message (e.g. a withdrawal) or push an invalid L2→L1 message (e.g. an invalid withdrawal) with a <7d exit window."
}
},
{
"stage": "Stage 2",
"requirements": [
{
"satisfied": false,
"description": "Upgrades unrelated to onchain provable bugs, including upgrades to the DA verifier, provide less than 30d to exit."
"description": "Upgrades unrelated to onchain provable bugs provide less than 30d to exit."
}
]
}
]
}+4 -3
{
"self": {
"stateValidation": {
"value": "None",
"description": "Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": null,
"challengeDelay": 259200,
"secondLine": "3d challenge period"
},
"exitWindow": {
"value": "None",
"description": "There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": -259200
},
"proposerFailure": {
"value": "Cannot withdraw",
"description": "Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": null
},
"dataAvailability": {
"value": "External",
"description": "Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.",
"sentiment": "bad"
"value": "Onchain",
"description": "All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": null
},
"sequencerFailure": {
"value": "Self sequence",
"description": "In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There can be up to a 12h delay on this operation.",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 43200,
"secondLine": "12h delay"
}
}
}+9 -8
[
{
"layer": {
"value": "Celestia",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The data is posted to Celestia.",
"projectId": "celestia"
"value": "Ethereum",
"secondLine": "Calldata",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The data is posted to Ethereum as calldata.",
"projectId": "ethereum"
},
"bridge": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is no bridge that can attest if the data has been made available.",
"orderHint": -2
"value": "Enshrined",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The validating bridge has access to all the data, as it is posted onchain.",
"projectId": "ethereum"
},
"mode": {
"value": "Transaction data",
"secondLine": "Compressed"
}
}
]+4 -19
{
"architectureImage": "opstack-optimium",
"architectureImage": "opstack-rollup",
"dataAvailability": [
{
"name": "Data is posted to Celestia",
"description": "Transactions roots are posted onchain and the full data is posted on Celestia. Since the Blobstream bridge is not used, availability of the data is not verified against Celestia validators, meaning that the Sequencer can single-handedly publish unavailable roots.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the sequencer posts an unavailable transaction root.",
"isCritical": true
},
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the data is not available on the external provider.",
"isCritical": true
}
],
"name": "All data required for proofs is published onchain",
"description": "All the data that is used to construct the system state is published onchain in the form of cheap calldata. This ensures that it will always be available when needed.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Introducing Blobstream: streaming modular DA to Ethereum",
"url": "https://blog.celestia.org/introducing-blobstream/"
},
{
"title": "Derivation: Batch submission - OP Mainnet specs",
"url": "https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/specs/blob/main/specs/protocol/derivation.md#batch-submission"
},
{
"title": "BatchInbox - address",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0xff00000000000000000000000000000000002410#code"
},
{
"title": "OptimismPortal.sol - source code, depositTransaction function",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x3fe449Ef47228F03f979F9D955196494243cdf7E#code"
}
]
}
],
"exitMechanisms": [
{
"name": "Regular messaging",
"description": "The user initiates L2->L1 messages by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is settled, the message becomes available for processing on L1. The process of block finalization takes a challenge period of 3d to complete.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be frozen if",
"text": "the centralized validator goes down. Users cannot produce blocks themselves and exiting the system requires new block production.",
"isCritical": true
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "OptimismPortal.sol - source code, proveWithdrawalTransaction function",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x3fe449Ef47228F03f979F9D955196494243cdf7E#code"
},
{
"title": "OptimismPortal.sol - source code, finalizeWithdrawalTransaction function",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x3fe449Ef47228F03f979F9D955196494243cdf7E#code"
},
{
"title": "L2OutputOracle.sol - source code, PROPOSER check",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x394317B191f5c7A371e74594776B1EfDc33d10D6#code"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Forced messaging",
"description": "If the user experiences censorship from the operator with regular L2->L1 messaging they can submit their messages directly on L1. The system is then obliged to service this request or halt all messages, including forced withdrawals from L1 and regular messages initiated on L2. Once the force operation is submitted and if the request is serviced, the operation follows the flow of a regular message.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Forced withdrawal from an OP Stack blockchain",
"url": "https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/forced-transaction"
}
]
}
],
"forceTransactions": {
"name": "Users can force any transaction",
"description": "Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Sequencing Window - OP Mainnet Specs",
"url": "https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/51eeb76efeb32b3df3e978f311188aa29f5e3e94/specs/glossary.md#sequencing-window"
},
{
"title": "OptimismPortal.sol - source code, depositTransaction function",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x3fe449Ef47228F03f979F9D955196494243cdf7E#code"
}
]
},
"operator": {
"name": "The system has a centralized operator",
"description": "The operator is the only entity that can propose blocks. A live and trustworthy operator is vital to the health of the system.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "MEV can be extracted if",
"text": "the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions."
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "L2OutputOracle.sol - source code, CHALLENGER address",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x394317B191f5c7A371e74594776B1EfDc33d10D6#code"
},
{
"title": "L2OutputOracle.sol - source code, PROPOSER address",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x394317B191f5c7A371e74594776B1EfDc33d10D6#code"
}
]
},
"otherConsiderations": [
{
"name": "EVM compatible smart contracts are supported",
"description": "OP stack chains are pursuing the EVM Equivalence model. No changes to smart contracts are required regardless of the language they are written in, i.e. anything deployed on L1 can be deployed on L2.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Introducing EVM Equivalence",
"url": "https://medium.com/ethereum-optimism/introducing-evm-equivalence-5c2021deb306"
}
]
}
],
"stateValidation": {
"categories": [
{
"title": "No state validation",
"description": "OP Stack projects can use the OP fault proof system, already being deployed on some. This project though is not using fault proofs yet and is relying on the honesty of the permissioned Proposer and Challengers to ensure state correctness. The smart contract system permits invalid state roots.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be stolen if",
"text": "an invalid state root is submitted to the system.",
"isCritical": true
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "L2OutputOracle.sol - source code, deleteL2Outputs function",
"url": "https://etherscan.io/address/0x394317B191f5c7A371e74594776B1EfDc33d10D6#code"
}
]
}
]
},
"warning": "Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots."
}+6 -1
{}
{
"explanation": "K2 is an Optimistic rollup that posts transaction data to the L1. For a transaction to be considered final, it has to be posted within a tx batch on L1 that links to a previous finalized batch. If the previous batch is missing, transaction finalization can be delayed up to 12h or until it gets published. The state root is settled 3d after it has been posted.",
"warnings": {
"stateUpdates": "Please note, for Optimistic rollups the state is not finalized until the challenge period passes."
}
}+1 -8
[
{
"type": "celestia",
"daLayer": "celestia",
"sinceBlock": 0,
"namespace": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAJBA="
}
]
null+1 -1
{
"baseTimestamp": 1772526845,
"baseTimestamp": 1782923571,
"contractsDiscoDriven": true,
"hasDiscoUi": true,
"isDiscoDriven": true,
"permissionsDiscoDriven": true
}