6def11f1 (main)
and
822b3718 (PR)
+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"attributes": [
{
"id": "stealthAddresses",
"label": "Stealth addresses",
"description": "Uses fresh, one-time recipient addresses to obscure who controls the receiving address."
},
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "Infinite",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 9007199254740991,
"description": "Under the documented key model, existing stealth balances are held in user-controlled EOAs and can be recovered with the published client-side recovery tool. The hosted service cannot spend them without obtaining client-side key material.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": false,
"reason": "New payment-address generation, ENS resolution, address indexing, transaction construction, and relaying depend on the hosted Cloaked service."
}
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Admin view key",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "Cloaked holds a private, per-account viewing capability that lets its service derive and link every stealth address for that account. Its relay also sees both sides of Privacy Pools activity. This centralized visibility does not provide spending authority, and users can keep spending keys outside the closed-source wallet by using an inspected local client."
},
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Partially reproducible",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The production web wallet is closed source and cannot be self-hosted. The published derivation code and API schema can nevertheless be used to build a local client that creates an account, derives keys, and signs and submits payments through the hosted API. The backend implementations of the API, ENS gateway, indexer, and relay service are not published, so the complete service cannot be reproduced."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. a user relies on the hosted wallet and it is malicious or compromised and exfiltrates derived spending keys. The production wallet is closed source and has no published reproducible build, so users cannot inspect its source or verify the code being served.\n2. the accepted ENS signer returns an attacker-controlled payment address for a Cloaked name. The resolver authenticates the answer but does not prove that the intended recipient controls it.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. a user loses the passkey and encrypted backup, or the wallet and PIN, needed to re-derive their private spending keys.\n2. the service and client derive different address data and a payment is sent to an address for which the user cannot recreate the private key.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. Cloaked, or an attacker who obtains its viewing data, uses the service's viewing capability and index to link an account's stealth addresses and onchain activity.\n2. spending from several stealth addresses together, reusing destinations, or recognizable timing and amounts links otherwise separate payments onchain.\n3. a user relies on the Incognito balance, because Cloaked's relay observes the association between Privacy Pools deposits and withdrawals even though it is hidden from public onchain observers.",
"summaryTrackedItemName": "address",
"tokens": [],
"trackedOn": [
"ethereum"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "Cloaked has no public onchain governance process for its hosted wallet, API, indexer, ENS gateway, or relay. These components can change without an onchain notice period. The production wallet is closed source and has no published reproducible build, so users who rely on it cannot inspect its source, verify which client code is deployed, or determine whether an update preserves the client-side spending-key boundary. Users can bypass the hosted frontend with an inspected local client, but this does not reproduce the other hosted components or prevent them from changing.\n\nThe deployed ENS `OffchainResolver` code is immutable, but its owner can immediately replace the gateway URLs and accepted signer or transfer ownership. The accepted signer can authenticate any offchain ENS answer, including a payment address. The resolver callback verifies only the signature and expiry; it does not verify stealth-address derivation or recipient control. The resolver owner and signer are currently the same EOA.\n\nThese powers affect new address generation and ENS lookups. They do not let the owner or signer spend from an existing, correctly derived stealth address because its private spending key remains with the user. Existing balances can be recovered independently with the published recovery client, but the full Cloaked experience does not remain available if the hosted service disappears."
}
}+8 -0
+8 -0
{
"attributes": [
{
"id": "stealthAddresses",
"label": "Stealth addresses",
"description": "Uses fresh, one-time recipient addresses to obscure who controls the receiving address."
},
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
},
{
"id": "defi",
"label": "DeFi",
"description": "Interop with DeFi vaults through stealth Safes."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "Infinite",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 9007199254740991,
"description": "Under the documented key model, existing stealth balances are held in user-controlled Safes and can be recovered with the published client-side recovery tool and original Safe initialization parameters. Auto-earn positions remain subject to the withdrawal conditions and risks of their underlying vaults.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": false,
"reason": "New payment-address generation through the app and ENS, address indexing, transaction construction, and relaying depend on the hosted Fluidkey service."
}
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Admin view key",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "Fluidkey holds a private, per-account viewing capability that lets its service derive and link the stealth addresses generated for that account."
},
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Partially reproducible",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The production web wallet is closed source and cannot be self-hosted. The published derivation code and recovery client can nevertheless be used to derive keys, verify service-generated receiving addresses, and recover funds independently. A local client can also register and authenticate through the hosted API. The backend implementations of the API, ENS gateway, indexer, and relay service are not published, so the complete service cannot be reproduced."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. a user relies on the hosted wallet and it is malicious or compromised and exfiltrates derived spending keys. The production wallet is closed source and has no published reproducible build, so users cannot inspect its source or verify the code being served.\n2. an accepted ENS signer returns an attacker-controlled payment address for a Fluidkey name. The resolver authenticates the answer but does not prove that the intended recipient controls it.\n3. the hosted service supplies malicious transaction data and the client signs it without independently checking the destination, amount, and calls being authorized.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. a user loses the wallet, PIN, login, or backup needed to recover their private spending keys.\n2. the service and client derive different address data or Safe initialization parameters and a payment is sent to an address that the user cannot recover.\n3. an auto-earn vault loses funds or cannot honor withdrawals, or a service used by Hide Trail fails to return the funds routed through it.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. Fluidkey, or an attacker who obtains its viewing data, uses the service's viewing capability and index to link an account's stealth addresses and onchain activity.\n2. spending from several stealth addresses together, reusing destinations, or recognizable timing and amounts links otherwise separate payments onchain.\n3. a user relies on Hide Trail and the swap service or participating exchanges use their transfer records to link activity that is obscured from public onchain observers.",
"summaryTrackedItemName": "address",
"tokens": [],
"trackedOn": [
"ethereum",
"base",
"arbitrum",
"optimism",
"polygonpos",
"gnosis"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "Fluidkey has no public onchain governance process for its hosted wallet, API, indexer, ENS gateway, or relay. These components can change without an onchain notice period. The production wallet is closed source and has no published reproducible build, so users who rely on it cannot inspect its source, verify which client code is deployed, or determine whether an update preserves the client-side spending-key boundary. Users can bypass the hosted frontend with an inspected local client, but this does not reproduce the other hosted components or prevent them from changing.\n\nThe deployed ENS `OffchainResolver` code is immutable, but its owner can immediately replace the gateway URL, add or remove accepted signers, or transfer ownership. An accepted signer can authenticate any offchain ENS answer, including a payment address. The resolver callback verifies only the signature and expiry. It does not verify stealth-address derivation or recipient control. The resolver is owned by a 3/5 Safe.\n\nThese powers affect new address generation and ENS lookups. They do not let the resolver owner or signers spend from an existing, correctly derived stealth Safe because its private owner key remains with the user. Existing balances can be recovered independently with the published recovery client and the original Safe initialization parameters, but the full Fluidkey experience does not remain available if the hosted service disappears.\n\nThe Fluidkey Earn module is separate from the resolver and has immutable code. Its owner is a 2/3 Safe on each tracked chain. Its owner can publish new vault configurations and manage authorized relayers. Relayers can initiate deposits into a Safe's selected configuration and add or remove relayers. Each configuration is identified by a hash of its contents, so adopting a different vault set requires a call from the Safe. Users can disable the module through their Safe. The governance and withdrawal conditions of the underlying vaults remain separate dependencies."
}
}+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"attributes": [
{
"id": "zk",
"label": "ZK",
"description": "Uses zero-knowledge proofs to prove private actions without revealing private data."
},
{
"id": "privateAmounts",
"label": "Private amounts",
"description": "Transfer amounts are private, while sender and recipient addresses remain public."
},
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
}
],
"detailedDescription": "Payy is a payments-focused ZK network, designed around private stablecoin transfers. Ethereum receives only state roots and the public deposit and withdrawal messages of each state update. Balances live offchain as UTXO-style notes whose commitments form a sparse Merkle tree maintained by the Payy validators. \n\n### Privacy considerations\n\nTo spend notes, the user's client generates a [Noir](https://noir-lang.org/) `utxo` proof that demonstrates ownership of the input notes and conservation of value; the public inputs of that proof are the commitments of the two notes consumed and the two notes created. Transfers therefore hide who paid whom and how much, but they do not hide which commitments were consumed: the deployed circuits do not use nullifiers, and a spend names its input commitments directly, which the node then marks as spent. Anyone with Payy block data can follow the resulting spend graph.\n\nBecause only commitments are stored in the tree, a recipient cannot reconstruct a received note from chain data alone: the sender must transmit the note contents out of band. In practice it is done by an encrypted registry operated by Payy, which stores the recipient's public key in the clear and serves each client the entries addressed to it. Thus it learns the delivery metadata even though it cannot read note contents. \n\n### Fees\n\nThe protocol charges no transfer or withdrawal fee.\n\n### Compliance\n\nThe deployed protocol enforces no compliance measures and contains no auditor key, view key or other mechanism that could retroactively decrypt past activity. Identity data is collected at the application layer: KYC is required for the Payy card and fiat ramps, but it is not necessary for using Payy L2.\n\n### Anonymity set\n\nPayy hides the contents of each note but not the links between notes, so its anonymity set should not be read as the set of all users. An observer of Payy block data sees a graph of opaque commitments; privacy rests on not knowing which address, asset or amount each node in that graph carries.",
"exitWindow": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": 0,
"description": "The PayyMultisig can instantly upgrade the Rollup contract, replace ZK verifiers and directly overwrite the state root, so users have no time to exit before a malicious change takes effect.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": false,
"reason": "Withdrawals must be included in a proven state update by the permissioned Payy operators. There is no mechanism for users to exit on Ethereum if the operators halt."
}
},
"noteDiscovery": {
"description": "Payy operator runs a centralized note discovery service, where the sender submits full transfer data encrypted to the receiver. The centralized operator learns which addresses receive notes and when, and who transacted with whom.\n\nThe protocol itself allows direct peer-to-peer note communication that bypasses the registry.",
"risks": [
"The Payy-operated note registry, note lookup and wallet backup services learn which addresses receive and hold which notes and can link senders to recipients. The same operator holds KYC data for users of the Payy card and fiat ramps, which can tie those addresses to real identities.",
"A compromise of a recipient key or of the encryption scheme exposes all note data ever stored in the encrypted registry."
]
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Linkable notes",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "Transactions within the Payy network do not hide the links between token transferred: anyone with Payy block data can reconstruct the spend graph and trace every withdrawal back to contributing deposits. Only the contents of each individual note (owner address, amount and asset) are hidden."
},
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Partially reproducible",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The sources for UI / wallet are not published, so users have to rely on Payy operated software. Also, DA is not posted to identifiable public source, so L2 state could not be independently reproduced.\n\nThe contracts, Noir circuits and node software are published in the Payy repository (without any license) and can be built and run locally."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. the proof system is broken and a malicious validator is registered, allowing forged spends or withdrawals.\n2. the PayyMultisig upgrades the Rollup contract or directly overwrites the state root to a malicious version.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. a user loses the note data or the keys required to spend their notes.\n2. the offchain transaction data becomes unavailable, as data availability is not verified on Ethereum.\n3. the operators stop including withdrawals in proven state updates, as there is no forced exit mechanism.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. the Payy-operated note registry, note lookup or wallet backup services are compromised or their records are disclosed, revealing which addresses receive and hold which notes and who transacted with whom.",
"tokens": [],
"trackedOn": [
"ethereum"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "All privileged functions are ultimately controlled by the PayyMultisig (2/4). It owns the ProxyAdmin, which can instantly upgrade the Rollup proxy, and it is the owner of the Rollup contract, allowing it to manage provers, validators, ZK verifiers, supported tokens and burn substitutors, and to directly overwrite the state root via setRoot(). There is no timelock or exit window on any of these actions."
},
"zkCatalogId": "barretenberg"
}+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"attributes": [
{
"id": "zk",
"label": "ZK",
"description": "Uses zero-knowledge proofs to prove private actions without revealing private data."
},
{
"id": "tee",
"label": "TEE",
"description": "Privacy assumptions of this project are secured by trusted hardware."
},
{
"id": "transfers",
"label": "Transfers",
"description": "Private transfers within the shielded pool."
},
{
"id": "defi",
"label": "DeFi",
"description": "Interop with DeFi (swaps, vaults) from within the shielded pool."
},
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": 0,
"description": "The pool and both registries sit behind transparent proxies whose ProxyAdmins are owned by the admin multisig, which can upgrade them with no delay. Users get no window to exit before a change takes effect.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": false,
"reason": "If the TEE operators disappear, no new deposits or private transfers can be processed and the system enters exit-only mode."
}
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Admin API",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "Registered 'auditors' can query the TEE's Audit API to retrieve the balance and transaction history of any address. These queries can be logged publicly on the AuditGateway smart contract, but there is no verifiable guarantee that all queries are logged."
},
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Partially reproducible",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "ZK circuits guaranteeing user fund security are published and reproduced, however the TEE sources guaranteeing privacy are not yet published. TEE logic could not be verified for correctness."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. the zk proof system is broken, allowing invalid spends or withdrawals.\n2. the [trusted setup](#trusted-setups) is compromised or all ceremony participants collude, allowing invalid spends or withdrawals.\n3. the admin multisig deploys a malicious [upgrade](#upgrades-and-governance) or registers a malicious verifying key.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. a user loses their note secrets, or loses access to both the account-owner wallet and any usable authorization keys.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. the TEE is compromised.\n2. a registered auditor fetches the user's balance and transaction history through the Audit API.\n3. a user exits through a forced withdrawal, which publicly links the spent notes and the withdrawal address to the account that registered the approval key.",
"tokens": [],
"trackedOn": [
"optimism"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "Privacy Boost is controlled by the 2/3 admin multisig, which can upgrade the pool, registries and AuditGateway without delay. It can replace all five proof verifiers and register or replace their verification keys, set withdrawal and portal sweep fees up to 10% each, configure portal minimum sweeps, and change the treasury, operator and gateway route manager.\n\nThe external-call gateway owner manages target/selector policies, selects its guardian, and can pause or unpause execution. The guardian can pause and remove policies. Stranded gateway tokens can only be swept back to the pool while paused."
}
}+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"attributes": [
{
"id": "zk",
"label": "ZK",
"description": "Uses zero-knowledge proofs to prove private actions without revealing private data."
},
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "Infinite",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 9007199254740991,
"description": "Even if the Entrypoint or ASP turns malicious, users can always ragequit (withdraw tokens) from the immutable pool contracts, at the cost of losing privacy.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": false,
"reason": "Association Set Providers must explicitly approve deposited funds before private withdrawals."
}
},
"noteDiscovery": {
"description": "In privacy Pools UI, the user needs to provide the seed phrase, from which their nullifiers and secrets are derived deterministically. The private user balance is computed locally by scanning every `Deposited`, `Withdrawn`, and `Ragequit` event of every supported pool and matching the derived commitments against the ones in the events. Because every event is requested, the RPC provider learns neither which events belong to the user, nor into which pool the user has deposited from the queries alone."
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Compliance gated",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "Compliance is enforced through centralized association set providers, which can refuse deposits into the pool, sending them back to the sender."
},
"relayerTracking": {
"type": "onchainEvents",
"sources": [
{
"address": "eth:0x6818809EefCe719E480a7526D76bD3e561526b46",
"sinceTimestamp": 1743265247,
"extractor": "privacyPoolsWithdrawalRelayed"
}
]
},
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Reproducible",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The contracts, circuits, and supporting software needed to participate in Privacy Pools are publicly available and can be run locally."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. the zk proof system is broken, allowing invalid withdrawals.\n2. the [trusted setup](#trusted-setups) is compromised or all ceremony participants collude, allowing invalid withdrawals.\n3. the Entrypoint owner deploys a malicious [upgrade](#upgrades-and-governance) that steals new deposits.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. a user loses the secret and nullifier required to spend their deposit.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. no relayer is available and the withdrawal must be submitted from an address that can be linked to the user.\n2. the ASP manager refuses to whitelist a deposit, forcing the user to either wait or exit publicly through ragequit.",
"tokens": [
{
"token": {
"address": "0x6440f144b7e50D6a8439336510312d2F54beB01D",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/56069/large/BOLD_logo.png?1748265087",
"symbol": "BOLD",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "liquity-bold-2",
"sinceTimestamp": 1770806867
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-BOLD",
"type": "pool",
"label": "BOLD pool",
"address": "eth:0xb4b5Fd38Fd4788071d7287e3cB52948e0d10b23E",
"sinceTimestamp": 1770806867,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/9956/large/Badge_Dai.png?1696509996",
"symbol": "DAI",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "dai",
"sinceTimestamp": 1752848471
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-DAI",
"type": "pool",
"label": "DAI pool",
"address": "eth:0x1c31C03B8CB2EE674D0F11De77135536db828257",
"sinceTimestamp": 1752848471,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/279/large/ethereum.png?1595348880",
"symbol": "ETH",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "ethereum",
"sinceTimestamp": 1743265259
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-ETH",
"type": "pool",
"label": "ETH pool",
"address": "eth:0xF241d57C6DebAe225c0F2e6eA1529373C9A9C9fB",
"sinceTimestamp": 1743265259,
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000000000000",
"10000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xCAcd6fd266aF91b8AeD52aCCc382b4e165586E29",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/53963/large/frxUSD.png?1737792154",
"symbol": "frxUSD",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "frax-usd",
"sinceTimestamp": 1754583623
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-frxUSD",
"type": "pool",
"label": "frxUSD pool",
"address": "eth:0xC6C769fac7AABEadd31a03fAe5Ca0Ec5B4C50f84",
"sinceTimestamp": 1754583623,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x085780639CC2cACd35E474e71f4d000e2405d8f6",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/36202/large/fxUSD.jpg?1710833113",
"symbol": "fxUSD",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "f-x-protocol-fxusd",
"sinceTimestamp": 1765446455
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-fxUSD",
"type": "pool",
"label": "fxUSD pool",
"address": "eth:0xD14F4B36E1D1D98c218db782c49149876042BC56",
"sinceTimestamp": 1765446455,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xa3931d71877C0E7a3148CB7Eb4463524FEc27fbD",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/52721/large/sUSDS_Coin.png?1734086971",
"symbol": "sUSDS",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "susds",
"sinceTimestamp": 1752782999
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-sUSDS",
"type": "pool",
"label": "sUSDS pool",
"address": "eth:0xBBdA2173CDFEA1c3bD7F2908798F1265301d750c",
"sinceTimestamp": 1752782999,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x8d0D000Ee44948FC98c9B98A4FA4921476f08B0d",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/54977/large/USD1_1000x1000_transparent.png?1749297002",
"symbol": "USD1",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "usd1-wlfi",
"sinceTimestamp": 1754583179
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-USD1",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USD1 pool",
"address": "eth:0xc0A8Bc0F4F982b4d4f1fFae8F4FCCb58c9B29c98",
"sinceTimestamp": 1754583179,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/6319/large/usdc.png?1696506694",
"symbol": "USDC",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "usd-coin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1753353035
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-USDC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDC pool",
"address": "eth:0xb419c2867aB3CBc78921660cB95150d95A94ce86",
"sinceTimestamp": 1753353035,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x4c9EDD5852cd905f086C759E8383e09bff1E68B3",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/33613/large/3466ef_3c088c66c7d941e8856339d0bddf33cc_mv2.png?1702514458",
"symbol": "USDe",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "ethena-usde",
"sinceTimestamp": 1754583083
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-USDe",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDe pool",
"address": "eth:0xe6D36B33b00A7C0cB0C2a8d39D07e7dB0c526Abc",
"sinceTimestamp": 1754583083,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xdC035D45d973E3EC169d2276DDab16f1e407384F",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/39926/large/usds.webp?1726666683",
"symbol": "USDS",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "usds",
"sinceTimestamp": 1752503003
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-USDS",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDS pool",
"address": "eth:0x05e4DBD71B56861eeD2Aaa12d00A797F04B5D3c0",
"sinceTimestamp": 1752503003,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/325/large/Tether.png?1696501661",
"symbol": "USDT",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "tether",
"sinceTimestamp": 1753352915
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-USDT",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDT pool",
"address": "eth:0xe859C0bD25f260BaEE534Fb52e307D3b64D24572",
"sinceTimestamp": 1753352915,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x2260FAC5E5542a773Aa44fBCfeDf7C193bc2C599",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/7598/large/wrapped_bitcoin_wbtc.png?1696507857",
"symbol": "WBTC",
"decimals": 8,
"priceId": "wrapped-bitcoin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1753975703
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-WBTC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "WBTC pool",
"address": "eth:0xF973f4B180A568157Cd7A0E6006449139E6Bfc32",
"sinceTimestamp": 1753975703,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xDcEe70654261AF21C44c093C300eD3Bb97b78192",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/29734/large/woeth-200x200.png?1714796686",
"symbol": "wOETH",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "wrapped-oeth",
"sinceTimestamp": 1756377743
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-wOETH",
"type": "pool",
"label": "wOETH pool",
"address": "eth:0x7d2959bCFb936a84531518e8391DdBa844e03ebE",
"sinceTimestamp": 1756377743,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x7f39C581F595B53c5cb19bD0b3f8dA6c935E2Ca0",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/18834/large/wstETH.png?1696518295",
"symbol": "wstETH",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "wrapped-steth",
"sinceTimestamp": 1753975583
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "privacy-pools-wstETH",
"type": "pool",
"label": "wstETH pool",
"address": "eth:0x1A604E9DFa0EFDC7FFda378AF16Cb81243b61633",
"sinceTimestamp": 1753975583,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xe3b53cd1a44fbf11535e145d80b8ef1ed6d57a73bf5daa7e939b6b01657d6549",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x75e161b3e824b114fc1a33274bd7091918dd4e639cede50b78b15a4eea956a21",
"extractor": "privacyPoolsValue",
"params": {}
}
}
]
}
],
"trackedOn": [
"ethereum"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "The 2/4 Privacy Pools Multisig can instantly change the system’s critical configs, including the Entrypoint implementation and ASP root used for private withdrawals. The ASP postman (EOA) can also remove any deposit from the whitelist at any time, forcing a public rage-quit if the affected party wishes to withdraw. The guaranteed immutable escape hatch is pool-level ragequit (public withdrawal) to the original depositor address, because that logic lives in the immutable pool contracts and does not depend on the Entrypoint registry and config. This means the system is permissioned in its deposit logic and deposit privacy, but non-custodial for deposited assets. Past, successful (non-ragequit) withdrawals can not be deanonymized by the protocol."
}
}+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"attributes": [
{
"id": "zk",
"label": "ZK",
"description": "Uses zero-knowledge proofs to prove private actions without revealing private data."
},
{
"id": "transfers",
"label": "Transfers",
"description": "Private transfers within the shielded pool."
},
{
"id": "defi",
"label": "DeFi",
"description": "Interop with DeFi (swaps, vaults) from within the shielded pool."
},
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "7d",
"sentiment": "warning",
"orderHint": 604800,
"description": "DAO-approved upgrades wait 7d before they can execute, giving users time to unshield funds if they do not approve the change.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": true
}
},
"noteDiscovery": {
"description": "To find incoming transfers and rebuild the balance, a wallet downloads every new commitment emitted by the Railgun contract and tries to decrypt each one locally with the user's viewing key; successful decryptions are saved as the user's notes. Because every commitment is requested, the RPC provider does not learn which notes belong to the user from the queries alone."
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Optional compliance",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "Compliance is optional at the core protocol level: users can create proofs of innocence to disassociate deposits from flagged addresses, and relayers can choose to require them."
},
"relayerTracking": {
"type": "railgunWaku",
"chainId": 1,
"sinceTimestamp": 1788134400
},
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Reproducible",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The contracts, circuits, and supporting software needed to participate in the protocol are publicly available and can be run locally."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. the zk proof system is broken, allowing invalid spends or withdrawals.\n2. the [trusted setup](#trusted-setups) is compromised or all ceremony participants collude, allowing invalid spends or withdrawals.\n3. the DAO passes a malicious [upgrade](#upgrades-and-governance) and users do not react before the 7-day execution delay expires.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. a user loses the private keys required to control their private balance.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. no broadcaster is available and transactions must be sent from a public address that can be linked to the user.",
"tokens": [
{
"token": {
"address": "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/2518/large/weth.png?1696503332",
"symbol": "WETH",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "weth",
"sinceTimestamp": 1573689600
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "railgun-WETH",
"type": "pool",
"label": "WETH",
"address": "eth:0xFA7093CDD9EE6932B4eb2c9e1cde7CE00B1FA4b9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1651422389,
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000000000000",
"10000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0x3a5b9dc26075a3801a6ddccf95fec485bb7500a91b44cec1add984c21ee6db3b",
"extractor": "railgunShield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xd93cf895c7d5b2cd7dc7a098b678b3089f37d91f48d9b83a0800a91cbdf05284",
"extractor": "railgunUnshield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/325/large/Tether.png?1696501661",
"symbol": "USDT",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "tether",
"sinceTimestamp": 1573689600
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "railgun-USDT",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDT",
"address": "eth:0xFA7093CDD9EE6932B4eb2c9e1cde7CE00B1FA4b9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1651422389,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x3a5b9dc26075a3801a6ddccf95fec485bb7500a91b44cec1add984c21ee6db3b",
"extractor": "railgunShield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xd93cf895c7d5b2cd7dc7a098b678b3089f37d91f48d9b83a0800a91cbdf05284",
"extractor": "railgunUnshield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/6319/large/usdc.png?1696506694",
"symbol": "USDC",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "usd-coin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1573689600
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "railgun-USDC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDC",
"address": "eth:0xFA7093CDD9EE6932B4eb2c9e1cde7CE00B1FA4b9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1651422389,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x3a5b9dc26075a3801a6ddccf95fec485bb7500a91b44cec1add984c21ee6db3b",
"extractor": "railgunShield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xd93cf895c7d5b2cd7dc7a098b678b3089f37d91f48d9b83a0800a91cbdf05284",
"extractor": "railgunUnshield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/9956/large/Badge_Dai.png?1696509996",
"symbol": "DAI",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "dai",
"sinceTimestamp": 1574121600
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "railgun-DAI",
"type": "pool",
"label": "DAI",
"address": "eth:0xFA7093CDD9EE6932B4eb2c9e1cde7CE00B1FA4b9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1651422389,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x3a5b9dc26075a3801a6ddccf95fec485bb7500a91b44cec1add984c21ee6db3b",
"extractor": "railgunShield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xd93cf895c7d5b2cd7dc7a098b678b3089f37d91f48d9b83a0800a91cbdf05284",
"extractor": "railgunUnshield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x2260FAC5E5542a773Aa44fBCfeDf7C193bc2C599",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/7598/large/wrapped_bitcoin_wbtc.png?1696507857",
"symbol": "WBTC",
"decimals": 8,
"priceId": "wrapped-bitcoin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1573689600
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "railgun-WBTC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "WBTC",
"address": "eth:0xFA7093CDD9EE6932B4eb2c9e1cde7CE00B1FA4b9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1651422389,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x3a5b9dc26075a3801a6ddccf95fec485bb7500a91b44cec1add984c21ee6db3b",
"extractor": "railgunShield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x2260FAC5E5542a773Aa44fBCfeDf7C193bc2C599"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xd93cf895c7d5b2cd7dc7a098b678b3089f37d91f48d9b83a0800a91cbdf05284",
"extractor": "railgunUnshield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x2260FAC5E5542a773Aa44fBCfeDf7C193bc2C599"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x85F17Cf997934a597031b2E18a9aB6ebD4B9f6a4",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/71681/large/near.png?1768905174",
"symbol": "NEAR",
"decimals": 24,
"priceId": "rainbow-bridged-near-ethereum",
"sinceTimestamp": 1768867200
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "railgun-NEAR",
"type": "pool",
"label": "NEAR",
"address": "eth:0xFA7093CDD9EE6932B4eb2c9e1cde7CE00B1FA4b9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1768867200,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x3a5b9dc26075a3801a6ddccf95fec485bb7500a91b44cec1add984c21ee6db3b",
"extractor": "railgunShield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x85F17Cf997934a597031b2E18a9aB6ebD4B9f6a4"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xd93cf895c7d5b2cd7dc7a098b678b3089f37d91f48d9b83a0800a91cbdf05284",
"extractor": "railgunUnshield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x85F17Cf997934a597031b2E18a9aB6ebD4B9f6a4"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x6f40d4A6237C257fff2dB00FA0510DeEECd303eb",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/14688/large/Logo_1_%28brighter%29.png?1734430693",
"symbol": "FLUID",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "instadapp",
"sinceTimestamp": 1623801600
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "railgun-FLUID",
"type": "pool",
"label": "FLUID",
"address": "eth:0xFA7093CDD9EE6932B4eb2c9e1cde7CE00B1FA4b9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1651422389,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x3a5b9dc26075a3801a6ddccf95fec485bb7500a91b44cec1add984c21ee6db3b",
"extractor": "railgunShield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x6f40d4A6237C257fff2dB00FA0510DeEECd303eb"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xd93cf895c7d5b2cd7dc7a098b678b3089f37d91f48d9b83a0800a91cbdf05284",
"extractor": "railgunUnshield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x6f40d4A6237C257fff2dB00FA0510DeEECd303eb"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xe76C6c83af64e4C60245D8C7dE953DF673a7A33D",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/16840/large/railgun.jpeg?1696516407",
"symbol": "RAIL",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "railgun",
"sinceTimestamp": 1625270400
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "railgun-RAIL",
"type": "pool",
"label": "RAIL",
"address": "eth:0xFA7093CDD9EE6932B4eb2c9e1cde7CE00B1FA4b9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1651422389,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x3a5b9dc26075a3801a6ddccf95fec485bb7500a91b44cec1add984c21ee6db3b",
"extractor": "railgunShield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xe76C6c83af64e4C60245D8C7dE953DF673a7A33D"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xd93cf895c7d5b2cd7dc7a098b678b3089f37d91f48d9b83a0800a91cbdf05284",
"extractor": "railgunUnshield",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xe76C6c83af64e4C60245D8C7dE953DF673a7A33D"
}
}
}
]
}
],
"trackedOn": [
"ethereum"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "Railgun features an omnipotent DAO governed by the stakers of the RAIL token. The DAO has the authority to change ZK circuit logic on the core Railgun contract, which can arbitrarily change the rules for shielded tokens; as well as manage blacklisted tokens, mint RAIL tokens and manage governance rewards. See docs here: ",
"governanceInfo": {
"upgrades": {
"Normal upgrade path": "Create a proposal with an IPFS link and onchain calldata in the [Voting contract](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc480F68A3dcC3EdD82134FAB45C14A0FcF1dA3CC) → collect **500.00 K RAIL** sponsorship within 1mo → wait 2d → cast Yay votes within 5d and Nay votes within 6d → pass with a simple majority and **2.00 M RAIL** quorum → wait 7d → permissionless execution through the Delegator within 14d.",
"Exit window": "**7d** — a passed proposal must wait this long before it can be executed, giving users time to unshield funds."
},
"tokenGovernance": {
"Governance token": "`RAIL` 1 token = 1 vote, delegated. Total supply: **60.00 M RAIL**, DAO-owned treasury (unavailable for voting): **2.40 M RAIL**, staked for voting: **41.35 M RAIL**, the rest is circulating supply.",
"Stake lock": "Unstaking has **1mo** delay.",
"Voting venue": "[Voting contract](https://etherscan.io/address/0xc480F68A3dcC3EdD82134FAB45C14A0FcF1dA3CC) on Ethereum. Proposal text is distributed over IPFS, its CID is available as a parameter of `createPropsal()` call on the voting contract.",
"Proposal threshold": "**No threshold to create a proposal.** A proposal must receive sponsorship from **500.00 K RAIL** stake within 1mo.",
"Quorum": "**2.00 M RAIL**, with a simple majority required for acceptance.",
"Execution model": "**Onchain calldata · Permissionless execution through the Delegator.** A passed proposal waits 7d, after which anyone can execute it through the [Delegator contract](https://etherscan.io/address/0xB6d513f6222Ee92Fff975E901bd792E2513fB53B) within 14d."
}
}
}
}+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"attributes": [
{
"id": "zk",
"label": "ZK",
"description": "Uses zero-knowledge proofs to prove private actions without revealing private data."
},
{
"id": "transfers",
"label": "Transfers",
"description": "Private transfers within the shielded pool."
},
{
"id": "defi",
"label": "DeFi",
"description": "Interop with DeFi (swaps, vaults) from within the shielded pool."
},
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": 0,
"description": "The pool implementation is immediately upgradeable, so users have no delay to withdraw before a malicious upgrade can take effect.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": false,
"reason": "Although the full software stack needed to generate proofs and exit is published and self-hostable, STRK-20 heavily relies on the permissioned Starknet sequencer: it alone verifies client proofs and must include pool transactions, so users cannot exit without its cooperation."
}
},
"noteDiscovery": {
"description": "STRK-20 stores notes onchain in encrypted channels organized by recipient, sender, and token. Instead of scanning all pool activity, the wallet currently sends its Starknet account address and private viewing key to a [discovery service](https://github.com/starkware-libs/starknet-privacy/blob/main/crates/discovery-service/README.md), which reads the relevant contract storage, decrypts channels and notes, checks public nullifiers, and returns the user's unspent notes.\n\nA third-party discovery operator therefore receives the private viewing key and can see the user's counterparties, tokens, amounts, note history, and which notes remain unspent, together with sync timing and normally the user's IP address. Oblivious HTTP can separate the IP address from the request content unless the relay and operator collude, but it does not hide note data from the operator. The discovery service is open source, so users can avoid this disclosure by running it themselves against their own or a trusted Starknet RPC node.",
"risks": [
"A third-party discovery service retains the supplied viewing key or decrypted results, revealing the user's private transfer history and unspent notes."
]
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Admin view key",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "All private actions include auditor-encrypted metadata, so whoever controls the auditor private key can decrypt user activity retroactively. Users can not know whether their privacy was violated. Compliance is facilitated by this mandatory auditor-encrypted metadata."
},
"quantumResistant": true,
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Reproducible",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The pool contract, TypeScript SDK, discovery service, and proving stack are publicly available and can be run locally, so users can audit what is actually proven and generate the required ZK proofs without revealing private data to a third-party prover."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. the proof system or virtual Starknet execution model is broken or backdoored, allowing invalid server actions to be applied.\n2. the Starknet sequencer includes a transaction with fabricated proof facts.\n3. the escrow smart contract is maliciously upgraded (no delay).\n4. an external DeFi helper or target protocol invoked by the user mishandles assets.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. a user loses the Starknet account key or private viewing key required to spend their notes.\n2. the pool is paused or upgraded in a way that prevents users from applying valid actions.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. the auditor private key holder decrypts registered users' viewing keys or withdrawal and metadata.\n2. a third-party-hosted prover or note discovery service leaks user secrets or metadata (both can be self-hosted).\n3. deposits, withdrawals, open-note fills, timing, unique amounts, or DeFi helper calldata make a user's activity linkable.",
"tokens": [
{
"token": {
"address": "0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/26433/large/starknet.png?1696525507",
"symbol": "STRK",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "starknet",
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "strk20-STRK",
"type": "pool",
"label": "STRK pool",
"address": {
"chain": "starknet",
"address": "0x040337b1af3c663e86e333bab5a4b28da8d4652a15a69beee2b677776ffe812a"
},
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x9149d2123147c5f43d258257fef0b7b969db78269369ebcf5ebb9eef8592f2",
"extractor": "strk20Deposit",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x2eed7e29b3502a726faf503ac4316b7101f3da813654e8df02c13449e03da8",
"extractor": "strk20Withdrawal",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x04718f5a0fc34cc1af16a1cdee98ffb20c31f5cd61d6ab07201858f4287c938d"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x033068f6539f8e6e6b131e6b2b814e6c34a5224bc66947c47dab9dfee93b35fb",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/6319/large/usdc.png?1696501661",
"symbol": "USDC",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "usd-coin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "strk20-USDC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDC pool",
"address": {
"chain": "starknet",
"address": "0x040337b1af3c663e86e333bab5a4b28da8d4652a15a69beee2b677776ffe812a"
},
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x9149d2123147c5f43d258257fef0b7b969db78269369ebcf5ebb9eef8592f2",
"extractor": "strk20Deposit",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x033068f6539f8e6e6b131e6b2b814e6c34a5224bc66947c47dab9dfee93b35fb"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x2eed7e29b3502a726faf503ac4316b7101f3da813654e8df02c13449e03da8",
"extractor": "strk20Withdrawal",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x033068f6539f8e6e6b131e6b2b814e6c34a5224bc66947c47dab9dfee93b35fb"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x0787150e306e6eae6e3f79dea881770e8bbff2c1b8eb490f969669ee945b3135",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/102173511/large/strkBTC_Logo.png?1779888214",
"symbol": "strkBTC",
"decimals": 8,
"priceId": "strkbtc",
"sinceTimestamp": 1777893725
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "strk20-strkBTC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "strkBTC pool",
"address": {
"chain": "starknet",
"address": "0x040337b1af3c663e86e333bab5a4b28da8d4652a15a69beee2b677776ffe812a"
},
"sinceTimestamp": 1777893725,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x9149d2123147c5f43d258257fef0b7b969db78269369ebcf5ebb9eef8592f2",
"extractor": "strk20Deposit",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x0787150e306e6eae6e3f79dea881770e8bbff2c1b8eb490f969669ee945b3135"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x2eed7e29b3502a726faf503ac4316b7101f3da813654e8df02c13449e03da8",
"extractor": "strk20Withdrawal",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x0787150e306e6eae6e3f79dea881770e8bbff2c1b8eb490f969669ee945b3135"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x03fe2b97c1fd336e750087d68b9b867997fd64a2661ff3ca5a7c771641e8e7ac",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/7598/large/wrapped_bitcoin_wbtc.png?1696507857",
"symbol": "WBTC",
"decimals": 8,
"priceId": "wrapped-bitcoin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "strk20-WBTC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "WBTC pool",
"address": {
"chain": "starknet",
"address": "0x040337b1af3c663e86e333bab5a4b28da8d4652a15a69beee2b677776ffe812a"
},
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x9149d2123147c5f43d258257fef0b7b969db78269369ebcf5ebb9eef8592f2",
"extractor": "strk20Deposit",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x03fe2b97c1fd336e750087d68b9b867997fd64a2661ff3ca5a7c771641e8e7ac"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x2eed7e29b3502a726faf503ac4316b7101f3da813654e8df02c13449e03da8",
"extractor": "strk20Withdrawal",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x03fe2b97c1fd336e750087d68b9b867997fd64a2661ff3ca5a7c771641e8e7ac"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x049d36570d4e46f48e99674bd3fcc84644ddd6b96f7c741b1562b82f9e004dc7",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/279/large/ethereum.png?1595348880",
"symbol": "ETH",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "ethereum",
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "strk20-ETH",
"type": "pool",
"label": "ETH pool",
"address": {
"chain": "starknet",
"address": "0x040337b1af3c663e86e333bab5a4b28da8d4652a15a69beee2b677776ffe812a"
},
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x9149d2123147c5f43d258257fef0b7b969db78269369ebcf5ebb9eef8592f2",
"extractor": "strk20Deposit",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x049d36570d4e46f48e99674bd3fcc84644ddd6b96f7c741b1562b82f9e004dc7"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x2eed7e29b3502a726faf503ac4316b7101f3da813654e8df02c13449e03da8",
"extractor": "strk20Withdrawal",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x049d36570d4e46f48e99674bd3fcc84644ddd6b96f7c741b1562b82f9e004dc7"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x028d709c875c0ceac3dce7065bec5328186dc89fe254527084d1689910954b0a",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/54172/standard/logo200x200.png?1738561141",
"symbol": "XSTRK",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "endur-fi-staked-strk",
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "strk20-XSTRK",
"type": "pool",
"label": "XSTRK pool",
"address": {
"chain": "starknet",
"address": "0x040337b1af3c663e86e333bab5a4b28da8d4652a15a69beee2b677776ffe812a"
},
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x9149d2123147c5f43d258257fef0b7b969db78269369ebcf5ebb9eef8592f2",
"extractor": "strk20Deposit",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x028d709c875c0ceac3dce7065bec5328186dc89fe254527084d1689910954b0a"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x2eed7e29b3502a726faf503ac4316b7101f3da813654e8df02c13449e03da8",
"extractor": "strk20Withdrawal",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x028d709c875c0ceac3dce7065bec5328186dc89fe254527084d1689910954b0a"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x068f5c6a61780768455de69077e07e89787839bf8166decfbf92b645209c0fb8",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/325/large/Tether.png?1696501661",
"decimals": 6,
"symbol": "USDT",
"priceId": "tether",
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "strk20-USDT",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDT pool",
"address": {
"chain": "starknet",
"address": "0x040337b1af3c663e86e333bab5a4b28da8d4652a15a69beee2b677776ffe812a"
},
"sinceTimestamp": 1776679728,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x9149d2123147c5f43d258257fef0b7b969db78269369ebcf5ebb9eef8592f2",
"extractor": "strk20Deposit",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x068f5c6a61780768455de69077e07e89787839bf8166decfbf92b645209c0fb8"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x2eed7e29b3502a726faf503ac4316b7101f3da813654e8df02c13449e03da8",
"extractor": "strk20Withdrawal",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x068f5c6a61780768455de69077e07e89787839bf8166decfbf92b645209c0fb8"
}
}
}
]
}
],
"trackedOn": [
"starknet"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "The pool uses StarkWare-style role components and an instantly upgradeable smart contract implementation.\n\n- `APP_GOVERNOR` can set the fee amount, fee collector, and proof validity window.\n- `GOVERNANCE_ADMIN` can grant governance and upgrade-governor roles.\n- `SECURITY_ADMIN` can grant pause, unpause, and auditor-key administration roles.\n- `SECURITY_AGENT` can pause the pool, if granted.\n- `SECURITY_GOVERNOR` can unpause the pool and change the auditor public key, if granted.\n- `UPGRADE_GOVERNOR` can approve and execute upgrades, if granted.\n- `UPGRADE_AGENT` can execute approved upgrades, if granted.\n\nThe live role holders observed were:\n\n- `APP_GOVERNOR`: `0x2796da10aba2e1f445c38eba07e5a4393d6dab30d203d3432deb824e891619a` (2/4 Multisig)\n- `GOVERNANCE_ADMIN`: `0x3103066e6c7037ba947ea9a7b5b8d110ae7f3d631fa5849435d0dc1fc5ef785` (EOA)\n- `GOVERNANCE_ADMIN` and `SECURITY_ADMIN`: `0x663cc699d9c51b7d4d434e06f5982692167546ce525d9155edb476ac9a117d6` (7/12 Multisig)"
},
"zkCatalogId": "stwo"
}+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"attributes": [
{
"id": "zk",
"label": "ZK",
"description": "Uses zero-knowledge proofs to prove private actions without revealing private data."
},
{
"id": "fixedAmounts",
"label": "Fixed amounts",
"description": "Pre-defined transfer amounts use distinct buckets (anonymity sets)."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "Infinite",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 9007199254740991,
"description": "The core Tornado Cash contracts are immutable and have no admin upgrade path, so users can always withdraw with a valid note and proof.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": true
}
},
"noteDiscovery": {
"description": "A Tornado Cash note is generated locally at deposit time and kept by the user, so normally nothing has to be discovered to spend it. Users can additionally back up notes onchain: the note is encrypted to a user's private key and is emitted as an `EncryptedNote` event on `TornadoRouter`. The recovery downloads all such events and tries to decrypt each one locally. Because every event is requested, the RPC provider learns neither which events belong to the user, nor into which pool the user has deposited from the queries alone."
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Unconditional",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "There is no protocol-level compliance mechanism or way to compromise user privacy."
},
"relayerTracking": {
"type": "onchainEvents",
"sources": [
{
"address": "eth:0x12D66f87A04A9E220743712cE6d9bB1B5616B8Fc",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576523323,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x47CE0C6eD5B0Ce3d3A51fdb1C52DC66a7c3c2936",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576534673,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x910Cbd523D972eb0a6f4cAe4618aD62622b39DbF",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576536415,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0xA160cdAB225685dA1d56aa342Ad8841c3b53f291",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577296976,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0xD4B88Df4D29F5CedD6857912842cff3b20C8Cfa3",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576534688,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0xFD8610d20aA15b7B2E3Be39B396a1bC3516c7144",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577297383,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x07687e702b410Fa43f4cB4Af7FA097918ffD2730",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616114822,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x23773E65ed146A459791799d01336DB287f25334",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616115387,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x22aaA7720ddd5388A3c0A3333430953C68f1849b",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577297782,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x03893a7c7463AE47D46bc7f091665f1893656003",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616155055,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x2717c5e28cf931547B621a5dddb772Ab6A35B701",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616135923,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0xD21be7248e0197Ee08E0c20D4a96DEBdaC3D20Af",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616115450,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0xd96f2B1c14Db8458374d9Aca76E26c3D18364307",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298068,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x4736dCf1b7A3d580672CcE6E7c65cd5cc9cFBa9D",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298155,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x169AD27A470D064DEDE56a2D3ff727986b15D52B",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298900,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x0836222F2B2B24A3F36f98668Ed8F0B38D1a872f",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298985,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x178169B423a011fff22B9e3F3abeA13414dDD0F1",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616134868,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0x610B717796ad172B316836AC95a2ffad065CeaB4",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616123193,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
},
{
"address": "eth:0xbB93e510BbCD0B7beb5A853875f9eC60275CF498",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616135758,
"extractor": "tornadoCashWithdrawal"
}
]
},
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Reproducible",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "There is at least one practical way to participate in Tornado Cash using published source code that can be audited and run locally."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. the zk proof system is broken, allowing invalid withdrawals.\n2. the [trusted setup](#trusted-setups) is compromised or all ceremony participants collude, allowing invalid withdrawals.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. a user loses the note secrets required to withdraw. \n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. no relayer is available and the withdrawal must be submitted from an address that can be linked to the user (see [best practice page](/publications/privacy-best-practices) for more info).",
"tokens": [
{
"token": {
"address": "0x5d3a536E4D6DbD6114cc1Ead35777bAB948E3643",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/9281/large/cDAI.png?1696509390",
"symbol": "cDAI",
"decimals": 8,
"priceId": "cdai",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577297782
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "tornado-cDAI-5000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "cDAI 5000",
"address": "eth:0x22aaA7720ddd5388A3c0A3333430953C68f1849b",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577297782,
"denomination": "5000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"500000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "500000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "500000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-cDAI-50000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "cDAI 50000",
"address": "eth:0x03893a7c7463AE47D46bc7f091665f1893656003",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616155055,
"denomination": "50000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"5000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "5000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "5000000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-cDAI-500000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "cDAI 500000",
"address": "eth:0x2717c5e28cf931547B621a5dddb772Ab6A35B701",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616135923,
"denomination": "500000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"50000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "50000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "50000000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-cDAI-5000000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "cDAI 5000000",
"address": "eth:0xD21be7248e0197Ee08E0c20D4a96DEBdaC3D20Af",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616115450,
"denomination": "5000000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"500000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "500000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "500000000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/9956/large/Badge_Dai.png?1696509996",
"symbol": "DAI",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "dai",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576534688
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "tornado-DAI-100",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "DAI 100",
"address": "eth:0xD4B88Df4D29F5CedD6857912842cff3b20C8Cfa3",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576534688,
"denomination": "100",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000000000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-DAI-1000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "DAI 1000",
"address": "eth:0xFD8610d20aA15b7B2E3Be39B396a1bC3516c7144",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577297383,
"denomination": "1000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"1000000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000000000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-DAI-10000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "DAI 10000",
"address": "eth:0x07687e702b410Fa43f4cB4Af7FA097918ffD2730",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616114822,
"denomination": "10000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"10000000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "10000000000000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "10000000000000000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-DAI-100000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "DAI 100000",
"address": "eth:0x23773E65ed146A459791799d01336DB287f25334",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616115387,
"denomination": "100000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000000000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000000000000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/279/large/ethereum.png?1595348880",
"symbol": "ETH",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "ethereum",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576523323
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "tornado-ETH-0.1",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "ETH 0.1",
"address": "eth:0x12D66f87A04A9E220743712cE6d9bB1B5616B8Fc",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576523323,
"denomination": "0.1",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-ETH-1",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "ETH 1",
"address": "eth:0x47CE0C6eD5B0Ce3d3A51fdb1C52DC66a7c3c2936",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576534673,
"denomination": "1",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"1000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-ETH-10",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "ETH 10",
"address": "eth:0x910Cbd523D972eb0a6f4cAe4618aD62622b39DbF",
"sinceTimestamp": 1576536415,
"denomination": "10",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"10000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "10000000000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "10000000000000000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-ETH-100",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "ETH 100",
"address": "eth:0xA160cdAB225685dA1d56aa342Ad8841c3b53f291",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577296976,
"denomination": "100",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000000000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000000000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000000000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/6319/large/usdc.png?1696506694",
"symbol": "USDC",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "usd-coin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298068
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "tornado-USDC-100",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "USDC 100",
"address": "eth:0xd96f2B1c14Db8458374d9Aca76E26c3D18364307",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298068,
"denomination": "100",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-USDC-1000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "USDC 1000",
"address": "eth:0x4736dCf1b7A3d580672CcE6E7c65cd5cc9cFBa9D",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298155,
"denomination": "1000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"1000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/325/large/Tether.png?1696501661",
"symbol": "USDT",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "tether",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298900
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "tornado-USDT-100",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "USDT 100",
"address": "eth:0x169AD27A470D064DEDE56a2D3ff727986b15D52B",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298900,
"denomination": "100",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-USDT-1000",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "USDT 1000",
"address": "eth:0x0836222F2B2B24A3F36f98668Ed8F0B38D1a872f",
"sinceTimestamp": 1577298985,
"denomination": "1000",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"1000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x2260FAC5E5542a773Aa44fBCfeDf7C193bc2C599",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/7598/large/wrapped_bitcoin_wbtc.png?1696507857",
"symbol": "WBTC",
"decimals": 8,
"priceId": "wrapped-bitcoin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616123193
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "tornado-WBTC-0.1",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "WBTC 0.1",
"address": "eth:0x178169B423a011fff22B9e3F3abeA13414dDD0F1",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616134868,
"denomination": "0.1",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"10000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "10000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "10000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-WBTC-1",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "WBTC 1",
"address": "eth:0x610B717796ad172B316836AC95a2ffad065CeaB4",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616123193,
"denomination": "1",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"100000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "100000000"
}
}
},
{
"id": "tornado-WBTC-10",
"type": "denomination",
"label": "WBTC 10",
"address": "eth:0xbB93e510BbCD0B7beb5A853875f9eC60275CF498",
"sinceTimestamp": 1616135758,
"denomination": "10",
"anonymitySet": {
"minimumAmounts": [
"1000000000"
]
},
"deposit": {
"event": "0xa945e51eec50ab98c161376f0db4cf2aeba3ec92755fe2fcd388bdbbb80ff196",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0xe9e508bad6d4c3227e881ca19068f099da81b5164dd6d62b2eaf1e8bc6c34931",
"extractor": "fixedAmount",
"params": {
"amount": "1000000000"
}
}
}
]
}
],
"trackedOn": [
"ethereum"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "Tornado cash has a TORN DAO, which does not have the authority to upgrade or modify existing pools in any way. However it controls a significant portion of the Tornado cash protocol and periphery, including:\n\n1. **Default router for deposits and withdrawals and the official registry of supported pools**. Malicious upgrades of these components could lead to users losing deposited tokens. \n2. **Standard UI IPFS hash registered on ENS** ([link](https://app.ens.domains/tornadocash.eth)). Malicious upgrades of these components could lead to users losing deposited tokens. \n3. **TORN token itself**. Malicious upgrades of the token could lead to token transfers being frozen. \n4. **Registered relayers**. Malicious upgrades of these components could remove all registered relayers, disrupting user-relayer coordination and complicating private withdrawals.",
"governanceInfo": {
"upgrades": {
"Normal upgrade path": "Lock and optionally delegate TORN in the [Governance contract](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5efda50f22d34F262c29268506C5Fa42cB56A1Ce) → submit a proposal with at least **1.00 K TORN** → wait 1m 15s → vote for 5d (extended by 6h if the outcome changes during the last 1h) → pass with a simple majority and **100.00 K TORN** quorum → wait 2d → permissionless execution within 3d. The DAO controls protocol and periphery components, but cannot upgrade or modify existing pools.",
"Exit window": "**2d** for DAO-controlled changes — an accepted proposal remains timelocked for this period before it can be executed. Existing Tornado Cash pools are immutable and cannot be upgraded by the DAO."
},
"tokenGovernance": {
"Governance token": "`TORN`, 1 token = 1 vote, delegated. Total supply: **9.99 M TORN**, DAO-owned TORN (unavailable for voting): **4.73 M TORN**, staked for voting: **2.56 M TORN**, the rest is circulating supply.",
"Stake lock": "After voting or proposing, staked tokens are locked for **5d 6h** after proposal ends, preventing governance hopping.",
"Voting venue": "[Governance contract](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5efda50f22d34F262c29268506C5Fa42cB56A1Ce) on Ethereum. Proposals are viewable on the voting tab of the frontend, see the note on secure frontend above.",
"Proposal threshold": "**1.00 K TORN** locked in governance.",
"Quorum": "**100.00 K TORN**, with a simple majority required for acceptance.",
"Execution model": "**Permissionless execution after an onchain vote and timelock.** An accepted proposal waits 2d and can then be executed by anyone within 3d. Proposal executable payload is committed in the `propose()` transaction."
}
}
}
}+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"anonymitySet": {
"type": "not-applicable",
"description": "Umbra sends funds to one-time stealth addresses instead of mixing deposits in a shared pool."
},
"attributes": [
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
},
{
"id": "stealthAddresses",
"label": "Stealth addresses",
"description": "Uses fresh, one-time recipient addresses to obscure who controls the receiving address."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "Infinite",
"sentiment": "good",
"orderHint": 9007199254740991,
"description": "The core contracts are immutable. The owner can change the toll for future payments, but cannot stop recipients from accessing payments that have already been sent.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": true
}
},
"noteDiscovery": {
"description": "Each Umbra payment emits an `Announcement` containing a one-time stealth address and encrypted data for the recipient. The recipient downloads all announcement events and checks them locally with their viewing key; a successful check identifies a payment and lets the recipient derive the key controlling its stealth address. The indexer or RPC provider does not learn which announcements belong to the user from the queries alone, because all announcements are fetched.\n\nUmbra Advanced mode allows setting start and end block numbers for transfer discovery scan. Using this feature could degrade your privacy against an RPC provider, who would be able to narrow down potential window for your incoming transfers. It is recommended to use this feature only with a trusted (e.g. your own) RPC node."
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Recipient privacy",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "There is no protocol-level compliance mechanism or privileged view key. Umbra hides who controls the receiving address, but the sender, amount, and stealth address remain public and privacy can be weakened by transaction patterns or poor withdrawal hygiene."
},
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Reproducible",
"sentiment": "good",
"description": "The immutable core contracts, cryptographic library, and frontend are published and can be built and run locally."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be lost if\n1. an unsupported ERC-20, such as a fee-on-transfer or rebasing token, causes the Umbra contract's internal accounting to diverge from its token balance.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. a recipient sends funds from a stealth address to a publicly linked address or consolidates payments in a recognizable way.\n2. public timing, amount, token, or ENS registration patterns let an observer narrow down the possible recipient.\n
\n## New payments can be stopped if\n1. the Umbra owner sets an arbitrarily high toll for contract-routed payments.",
"summaryTrackedItemName": "token",
"tokens": [
{
"token": {
"address": "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/9956/large/Badge_Dai.png?1696509996",
"symbol": "DAI",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "dai",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "umbra-DAI",
"type": "pool",
"label": "DAI",
"address": "eth:0xFb2dc580Eed955B528407b4d36FfaFe3da685401",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x29877766fa2bfe3b90008d6d92f965eca91cbc5757ed775740e460799fb92219",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x30eb3583ad09933b693a45452ab07512244cdbc5868701aa004c27b7b267c249",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/279/large/ethereum.png?1595348880",
"symbol": "ETH",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "ethereum",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "umbra-ETH",
"type": "pool",
"label": "ETH",
"address": "eth:0xFb2dc580Eed955B528407b4d36FfaFe3da685401",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x29877766fa2bfe3b90008d6d92f965eca91cbc5757ed775740e460799fb92219",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x29877766fa2bfe3b90008d6d92f965eca91cbc5757ed775740e460799fb92219",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/6319/large/usdc.png?1696506694",
"symbol": "USDC",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "usd-coin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "umbra-USDC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDC",
"address": "eth:0xFb2dc580Eed955B528407b4d36FfaFe3da685401",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x29877766fa2bfe3b90008d6d92f965eca91cbc5757ed775740e460799fb92219",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x30eb3583ad09933b693a45452ab07512244cdbc5868701aa004c27b7b267c249",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/325/large/Tether.png?1696501661",
"symbol": "USDT",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "tether",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "umbra-USDT",
"type": "pool",
"label": "USDT",
"address": "eth:0xFb2dc580Eed955B528407b4d36FfaFe3da685401",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x29877766fa2bfe3b90008d6d92f965eca91cbc5757ed775740e460799fb92219",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x30eb3583ad09933b693a45452ab07512244cdbc5868701aa004c27b7b267c249",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x2260FAC5E5542a773Aa44fBCfeDf7C193bc2C599",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/7598/large/wrapped_bitcoin_wbtc.png?1696507857",
"symbol": "WBTC",
"decimals": 8,
"priceId": "wrapped-bitcoin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "umbra-WBTC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "WBTC",
"address": "eth:0xFb2dc580Eed955B528407b4d36FfaFe3da685401",
"sinceTimestamp": 1619813937,
"deposit": {
"event": "0x29877766fa2bfe3b90008d6d92f965eca91cbc5757ed775740e460799fb92219",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x2260FAC5E5542a773Aa44fBCfeDf7C193bc2C599"
}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x30eb3583ad09933b693a45452ab07512244cdbc5868701aa004c27b7b267c249",
"extractor": "umbraAmount",
"params": {
"tokenAddress": "0x2260FAC5E5542a773Aa44fBCfeDf7C193bc2C599"
}
}
}
]
}
],
"trackedOn": [
"ethereum"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "Umbra has no governance process or contract upgrade mechanism. The Umbra and StealthKeyRegistry contracts are immutable.\n\nThe Umbra contract has a permissioned owner that can immediately set the ETH toll charged on every contract-routed payment and change the addresses that collect and receive those tolls. Because the toll has no upper bound, the owner can effectively stop new payments through the Umbra contract at any time. The owner cannot change the payment or withdrawal logic and cannot prevent recipients from accessing payments already sent to them, so the exit window is infinite and the protocol passes the walkaway test."
}
}+3 -0
+3 -0
{
"anonymitySet": {
"type": "not-applicable",
"description": "Zama confidential tokens hide amounts, but sender and receiver addresses remain public and are not mixed in a shared anonymity set."
},
"attributes": [
{
"id": "fhe",
"label": "FHE",
"description": "Uses fully homomorphic encryption for private computation over encrypted values."
},
{
"id": "privateAmounts",
"label": "Private amounts",
"description": "Transfer amounts are private, while sender and recipient addresses remain public."
},
{
"id": "anyAmount",
"label": "Any amount",
"description": "Deposits and withdrawals can have any size."
},
{
"id": "defi",
"label": "DeFi",
"description": "Interop with DeFi (swaps, vaults) from within the confidential token."
}
],
"exitWindow": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"orderHint": 0,
"description": "The confidential token contracts and system contracts are upgradeable without an onchain delay, so users do not get a guaranteed withdrawal window before changes take effect.",
"walkawayTest": {
"passed": false,
"reason": "Only KMS 7/13 multisig members can decrypt FHE ciphertext. Also, FHE coprocessor operator is currently essential for protocol liveness."
}
},
"privacy": {
"value": "Transparent transfer graph",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "Zama confidential tokens do not hide the links between senders and recipients, only the amounts. Anyone can retrace each confidential transfer to its contributing plaintext deposits.\nAdditionally, a threshold with usable KMS key shares can decrypt current and past private balances. Zama states that KMS nodes run inside TEEs, but this is not verified onchain. Compliance can be enforced by confidential token owners blocking users and by configured underlying-token denylist hooks during deposits, transfers, unwrap requests, and unwrap finalization. Confidential token owners can also appoint observer accounts that receive wildcard decryption access to all balances and transfer amounts of their token (currently none are configured)."
},
"quantumResistant": true,
"reproducibility": {
"value": "Partially reproducible",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The smart contracts are source-available, but users also rely on offchain FHE execution and threshold decryption services whose outputs are accepted onchain through signature verification. The offchain data cannot currently be fully reproduced from Ethereum DA."
},
"riskSummary": "## Funds can be stolen if\n1. a malicious upgrade compromises the confidential token contracts or FHEVM contracts with their escrowed underlying tokens.\n2. the threshold of the current or any non-destroyed historical Ethereum KMS context attests an inflated unwrap amount, allowing pooled underlying deposited before or after that context existed to be released. Governance can also install a malicious context or lower the threshold of any live context in place; 7/13 describes only the current context.\n3. the 1/1 coprocessor input verification path accepts invalid encrypted inputs that bypass confidential balance checks.\n
\n## Funds can be lost if\n1. an underlying token admin blacklists a confidential token address or otherwise prevents transfers from the contract.\n2. a user is blocked by the confidential token owner or by a configured underlying-token denylist before finalization/withdrawal.\n3. a confidential token is paused by an owner-appointed pauser and not unpaused by the owner, halting confidential transfers, unwrap requests, and unwrap finalization (no pauser is currently set on any confidential token).\n4. offchain ciphertext data required by the coprocessor or KMS for encrypted handles becomes unavailable and cannot be reconstructed.\n
\n## Privacy can be lost if\n1. enough KMS operators with usable key shares collude or are compromised and decrypt private ciphertext handles. 7/13 describes only the current verifier context, while retained contexts can have different memberships and thresholds.\n2. the confidential token owner appoints an observer: observers receive a wildcard, non-expiring user-decryption delegation over all of that token's encrypted handles and can decrypt its balances and transfer amounts (no observers are currently configured on any confidential token).\n3. the offchain coprocessor, wallet, relayer, frontend, or RPC path records enough metadata to link a user to encrypted inputs or transactions.\n4. deposits and withdrawals are linked by clear boundary amounts, recipient graph, timing, or address reuse.",
"summaryTrackedItemName": "token",
"tokens": [
{
"token": {
"address": "0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/6319/large/usdc.png?1696506694",
"symbol": "USDC",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "usd-coin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1766750819
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "zama-cw-cUSDC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "cUSDC token",
"address": "eth:0xe978F22157048E5DB8E5d07971376e86671672B2",
"sinceTimestamp": 1766750819,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xcda691c81d2fd787d8c209adb4ae8b138f857d7575adf7669195ed05482e701b",
"extractor": "zamaWrap",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x87061fd1a5b3714805472c94c9eb8a6b8491992ee77791aa2594be67b92fd962",
"extractor": "zamaUnwrap",
"params": {
"rate": "1"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xdAC17F958D2ee523a2206206994597C13D831ec7",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/325/large/Tether.png?1696501661",
"symbol": "USDT",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "tether",
"sinceTimestamp": 1766750831
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "zama-cw-cUSDT",
"type": "pool",
"label": "cUSDT token",
"address": "eth:0xAe0207C757Aa2B4019Ad96edD0092ddc63EF0c50",
"sinceTimestamp": 1766750831,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xcda691c81d2fd787d8c209adb4ae8b138f857d7575adf7669195ed05482e701b",
"extractor": "zamaWrap",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x87061fd1a5b3714805472c94c9eb8a6b8491992ee77791aa2594be67b92fd962",
"extractor": "zamaUnwrap",
"params": {
"rate": "1"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xC02aaA39b223FE8D0A0e5C4F27eAD9083C756Cc2",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/2518/large/weth.png?1696503332",
"symbol": "WETH",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "weth",
"sinceTimestamp": 1766750843
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "zama-cw-cWETH",
"type": "pool",
"label": "cWETH token",
"address": "eth:0xda9396b82634Ea99243cE51258B6A5Ae512D4893",
"sinceTimestamp": 1766750843,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xcda691c81d2fd787d8c209adb4ae8b138f857d7575adf7669195ed05482e701b",
"extractor": "zamaWrap",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x87061fd1a5b3714805472c94c9eb8a6b8491992ee77791aa2594be67b92fd962",
"extractor": "zamaUnwrap",
"params": {
"rate": "1000000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xA12CC123ba206d4031D1c7f6223D1C2Ec249f4f3",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/70921/large/zama.png?1764591992",
"symbol": "ZAMA",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "zama",
"sinceTimestamp": 1766750867
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "zama-cw-cZAMA",
"type": "pool",
"label": "cZAMA token",
"address": "eth:0x80CB147Fd86dC6dEe3Eee7e4Cee33d1397d98071",
"sinceTimestamp": 1766750867,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xcda691c81d2fd787d8c209adb4ae8b138f857d7575adf7669195ed05482e701b",
"extractor": "zamaWrap",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x87061fd1a5b3714805472c94c9eb8a6b8491992ee77791aa2594be67b92fd962",
"extractor": "zamaUnwrap",
"params": {
"rate": "1000000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x27f6c8289550fCE67f6B50BeD1F519966aFE5287",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/70647/large/tgbp-square.png?1762953800",
"symbol": "tGBP",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "tokenised-gbp",
"sinceTimestamp": 1767000887
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "zama-cw-ctGBP",
"type": "pool",
"label": "ctGBP token",
"address": "eth:0xa873750ccBafD5ec7Dd13bfD5237d7129832eDD9",
"sinceTimestamp": 1767000887,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xcda691c81d2fd787d8c209adb4ae8b138f857d7575adf7669195ed05482e701b",
"extractor": "zamaWrap",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x87061fd1a5b3714805472c94c9eb8a6b8491992ee77791aa2594be67b92fd962",
"extractor": "zamaUnwrap",
"params": {
"rate": "1000000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0x68749665FF8D2d112Fa859AA293F07A622782F38",
"iconUrl": "https://assets.coingecko.com/coins/images/10481/large/Tether_Gold.png?1696510471",
"symbol": "XAUt",
"decimals": 6,
"priceId": "tether-gold",
"sinceTimestamp": 1772116091
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "zama-cw-cXAUt",
"type": "pool",
"label": "cXAUt token",
"address": "eth:0x73cc9aF9d6BEFdb3c3fAf8a5E8c05Cb95FdaEEf1",
"sinceTimestamp": 1772116091,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xcda691c81d2fd787d8c209adb4ae8b138f857d7575adf7669195ed05482e701b",
"extractor": "zamaWrap",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x87061fd1a5b3714805472c94c9eb8a6b8491992ee77791aa2594be67b92fd962",
"extractor": "zamaUnwrap",
"params": {
"rate": "1"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xbeeffABcd0dB09589Dd21854aa760C52aB4bf04F",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/70647/large/tgbp-square.png?1762953800",
"symbol": "bbqTGBP",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "tokenised-gbp",
"sinceTimestamp": 1780585031
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "zama-cw-cbbqTGBP",
"type": "pool",
"label": "cbbqTGBP token",
"address": "eth:0xBA4cFF6ED6F7Cb2A58776dECa4E984b498446762",
"sinceTimestamp": 1780585031,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xcda691c81d2fd787d8c209adb4ae8b138f857d7575adf7669195ed05482e701b",
"extractor": "zamaWrap",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x87061fd1a5b3714805472c94c9eb8a6b8491992ee77791aa2594be67b92fd962",
"extractor": "zamaUnwrap",
"params": {
"rate": "1000000000000"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"token": {
"address": "0xbEEF00A59B577423653A1526c7009bdE103F542B",
"iconUrl": "https://coin-images.coingecko.com/coins/images/6319/large/USDC.png?1769615602",
"symbol": "steakcUSDC",
"decimals": 18,
"priceId": "usd-coin",
"sinceTimestamp": 1781877707
},
"buckets": [
{
"id": "zama-cw-csteakcUSDC",
"type": "pool",
"label": "csteakcUSDC token",
"address": "eth:0x66Bf74E96900D1a19c7070D939D124f2F565C458",
"sinceTimestamp": 1781877707,
"deposit": {
"event": "0xcda691c81d2fd787d8c209adb4ae8b138f857d7575adf7669195ed05482e701b",
"extractor": "zamaWrap",
"params": {}
},
"withdrawal": {
"event": "0x87061fd1a5b3714805472c94c9eb8a6b8491992ee77791aa2594be67b92fd962",
"extractor": "zamaUnwrap",
"params": {
"rate": "1000000000000"
}
}
}
]
}
],
"trackedOn": [
"ethereum"
],
"upgradesAndGovernance": {
"content": "Zama Confidential Tokens governance is implemented through an Aragon 'DAO' deployment controlled by two multisigs: ZamaGovMultisigA with a 9/17 threshold and ZamaGovMultisigB with a 3/5 threshold. The Gateway contracts are controlled separately by the SafeL2 multisig listed in the permissions section. These accounts can upgrade contracts or change critical configuration without a timelock. On the Gateway, the owner multisig can create and destroy KMS contexts, change the thresholds of any live context, and disable or remove registered host chains, halting Gateway workflows for those chains.\n\nConfidential token owners and underlying token owners can freeze users. Confidential token owners can further appoint a pauser that halts all confidential transfers, wrapping, and unwrapping of their token (only the owner can unpause), change or disable the underlying-token denylist hook, and appoint observers that gain wildcard decryption access to all balances and transfer amounts of their token. Currently, no pausers or observers are configured. The Ethereum ACL owner can manage ACL-level account blocking, unpause the ACL, change HCU limits, and — through the ProtocolConfig contract — create KMS contexts with arbitrary signer sets and thresholds, retune the thresholds of any live context (including the current one) in place, and trigger or abort FHE key- and CRS-generation in the KMSGeneration contract. A new context immediately becomes the default verifier authority and can attest unwrap amounts for assets deposited before it existed. Superseded contexts remain equally authoritative for all past and future ciphertext handles until the ACL owner explicitly destroys them; the current context cannot be destroyed. Changing an onchain KMS context changes only the accepted ECDSA credentials and does not trigger or verify resharing or destruction of the underlying FHE key shares.\n\nOffchain components like the coprocessor and KMS are trusted for liveness, privacy and security and are currently not decentralized."
}
}