{
"badges": [
{
"id": "EVM",
"type": "VM",
"name": "EVM",
"description": "This project uses the Ethereum Virtual Machine to run its smart contracts and supports the Solidity programming language",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "vm",
"value": "EVM"
}
},
{
"id": "DAC",
"type": "DA",
"name": "Data Availability Committee",
"description": "There is a Data Availability Committee that provides/attests to data availability",
"action": {
"type": "selfDaHighlight"
}
},
{
"id": "Espresso",
"type": "DA",
"name": "Espresso",
"description": "This project is posting its data to Espresso",
"action": {
"type": "publicDaHighlight",
"slug": "espresso"
}
},
{
"id": "Orbit",
"type": "Stack",
"name": "Built on Arbitrum Orbit",
"description": "The project is built on Arbitrum Orbit",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "stack",
"value": "Arbitrum"
}
},
{
"id": "Arbitrum",
"type": "L3ParentChain",
"name": "Built on top of Arbitrum",
"description": "The project has Arbitrum as its host chain",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "hostChain",
"value": "Arbitrum"
}
},
{
"id": "EspressoPreconfs",
"type": "Other",
"name": "Espresso Preconfs",
"description": "The project integrates with Espresso preconfirmations. The chain batch poster publishes blocks to Espresso Network and runs in a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) programmed to verify that only Espresso-validated batches reach the host chain.",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "other",
"value": "Espresso Preconfs"
}
},
{
"id": "Caldera",
"type": "RaaS",
"name": "Caldera",
"description": "This project was deployed via the rollup-as-a-service provider Caldera",
"action": {
"type": "scalingFilter",
"id": "raas",
"value": "Caldera"
}
}
],
"description": "ApeChain is an Optimium built on the Arbitrum Orbit stack utilizing $APE as its native gas token. It fuels culture by being the chain for digital and IRL communities, builders, creators, collectors, gamers and beyond.",
"links": {
"websites": [
"https://apechain.com/"
],
"bridges": [
"https://apechain.com/portal"
],
"documentation": [
"https://docs.apechain.com/"
],
"explorers": [
"https://apescan.io/"
],
"repositories": [
"https://github.com/ape-foundation"
],
"socialMedia": [
"https://twitter.com/apecoin",
"https://discord.gg/apecoindao",
"https://t.me/apechainofficial"
]
}
}
scalingInfo+2-1
{
"capability": "universal",
"daLayer": [
"DAC"
"DAC",
"Espresso"
],
"hostChain": {
"id": "arbitrum",
"slug": "arbitrum",
"name": "Arbitrum One"
},
"layer": "layer3",
"proofSystem": {
"type": "Optimistic"
},
"purposes": [
"Universal"
],
"raas": "Caldera",
"reasonsForBeingOther": [
{
"label": "Closed proofs",
"shortDescription": "There are less than 5 external actors that can submit challenges",
"description": "Projects without a sufficiently decentralized set of challengers rely on few entities to safely update the state. A small set of challengers can collude with the proposer to finalize an invalid state, which can cause loss of funds."
},
{
"label": "Small DAC",
"shortDescription": "There are less than 5 external actors that can attest data availability",
"description": "Projects without a sufficiently decentralized data availability committee rely on few entities to safely attest data availability on Ethereum. A small set of entities can collude with the proposer to finalize an unavailable state, which can cause loss of funds."
}
],
"stacks": [
"Arbitrum"
],
"stage": "Not applicable",
"type": "Other",
"vm": [
"EVM"
]
}
scalingDa+18-0
[
{
"layer": {
"value": "DAC",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The data is posted off chain and a Data Availability Committee (DAC) is responsible for protecting and supplying it."
},
"bridge": {
"value": "5/7 DAC Members",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is a threshold of 5/7 members that must sign and attest that the data is correct and available.",
"orderHint": -2.1e-9
},
"mode": {
"value": "Transaction data",
"secondLine": "Compressed"
}
},
{
"layer": {
"value": "Espresso",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "The data is posted to Espresso.",
"projectId": "espresso"
},
"bridge": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is no bridge that can attest if the data has been made available.",
"orderHint": -2
},
"mode": {
"value": "Transaction data",
"secondLine": "Compressed"
}
}
]
scalingTechnology+23-1
{
"architectureImage": "orbit-optimium",
"dataAvailability": [
{
"name": "Data is not stored on chain",
"description": "Users transactions are not published onchain, but rather sent to external trusted parties, also known as committee members (DAC). Members of the DAC collectively produce a Data Availability Certificate (comprising BLS signatures from a quorum) guaranteeing that the data behind the new transaction batch will be available until the expiry period elapses (currently a minimum of two weeks). This signature is not verified by L1, however external Validators will skip the batch if BLS signature is not valid resulting. This will result in a fraud proof challenge if this batch is included in a consecutive state update. It is assumed that at least one honest DAC member that signed the batch will reveal tx data to the Validators if Sequencer decides to act maliciously and withhold the data. If the Sequencer cannot gather enough signatures from the DAC, it will \"fall back to rollup\" mode and by posting the full data directly to the L1 chain. The current DAC threshold is 5 out of 7.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the external data becomes unavailable.",
"isCritical": true
},
{
"category": "Users can be censored if",
"text": "the committee restricts their access to the external data."
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "Inside AnyTrust - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-anytrust"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Data is posted to Espresso",
"description": "Transactions roots are posted onchain and the full data is posted on Espresso. Since the HotShot Light Client contract is not used, availability of the data is not verified against Espresso validators, meaning that the Sequencer can single-handedly publish unavailable roots.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the sequencer posts an unavailable transaction root.",
"isCritical": true
},
{
"category": "Funds can be lost if",
"text": "the data is not available on the external provider.",
"isCritical": true
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "Espresso Light Client",
"url": "https://docs.espressosys.com/network/learn/the-espresso-network/internal-functionality/light-client"
}
]
}
],
"exitMechanisms": [
{
"name": "Regular messaging",
"description": "The user initiates L2->L1 messages by submitting a regular transaction on this chain. When the block containing that transaction is settled, the message becomes available for processing on L1. The process of block finalization usually takes several days to complete.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Transaction lifecycle - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/tx-lifecycle"
},
{
"title": "L2 to L1 Messages - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/arbos/l2-to-l1-messaging"
},
{
"title": "Mainnet for everyone - Arbitrum Blog",
"url": "https://offchain.medium.com/mainnet-for-everyone-27ce0f67c85e"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Autonomous exit",
"description": "Users can (eventually) exit the system by pushing the transaction on L1 and providing the corresponding state root. The only way to prevent such withdrawal is via an upgrade.",
"risks": [],
"references": []
}
],
"forceTransactions": {
"name": "Users can force any transaction",
"description": "Because the state of the system is based on transactions submitted on the underlying host chain and anyone can submit their transactions there it allows the users to circumvent censorship by interacting with the smart contract on the host chain directly. After a delay of 3d in which a Sequencer has failed to include a transaction that was directly posted to the smart contract, it can be forcefully included by anyone on the host chain, which finalizes its ordering.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "SequencerInbox.sol - source code, forceInclusion function",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x0DD7dA1805d207511bb3Edabe9352B9E316048bE#code"
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xCfAfB803EF1FEc576138Cebc79Ad41Aa6760C575#code"
},
{
"title": "Sequencer Isn't Doing Its Job - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/sequencer#unhappyuncommon-case-sequencer-isnt-doing-its-job"
}
]
},
"operator": {
"name": "The system has a centralized sequencer",
"description": "While forcing transaction is open to anyone the system employs a privileged sequencer that has priority for submitting transaction batches and ordering transactions.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "MEV can be extracted if",
"text": "the operator exploits their centralized position and frontruns user transactions."
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "Sequencer - Arbitrum documentation",
"url": "https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/inside-arbitrum-nitro#the-sequencer"
}
]
},
"otherConsiderations": [
{
"name": "EVM compatible smart contracts are supported",
"description": "Arbitrum One uses Nitro technology that allows running fraud proofs by executing EVM code on top of WASM.",
"risks": [],
"references": [
{
"title": "Inside Arbitrum Nitro",
"url": "https://developer.offchainlabs.com/inside-arbitrum-nitro/"
}
]
}
],
"sequencing": {
"name": "Delayed forced transactions",
"description": "To force transactions from the host chain, users must first enqueue \"delayed\" messages in the \"delayed\" inbox of the Bridge contract. Only authorized Inboxes are allowed to enqueue delayed messages, and the so-called Inbox contract is the one used as the entry point by calling the `sendMessage` or `sendMessageFromOrigin` functions. If the centralized sequencer doesn't process the request within some time bound, users can call the `forceInclusion` function on the SequencerInbox contract to include the message in the canonical chain. The time bound is hardcoded to be 3d.",
"references": [],
"risks": []
},
"stateValidation": {
"description": "Updates to the system state can be proposed and challenged by a set of whitelisted validators. If a state root passes the challenge period, it is optimistically considered correct and made actionable for withdrawals.",
"categories": [
{
"title": "State root proposals",
"description": "Whitelisted validators propose state roots as children of a previous state root. A state root can have multiple conflicting children. This structure forms a graph, and therefore, in the contracts, state roots are referred to as nodes. Each proposal requires a stake, currently set to 0.1 ETH, that can be slashed if the proposal is proven incorrect via a fraud proof. Stakes can be moved from one node to one of its children, either by calling `stakeOnExistingNode` or `stakeOnNewNode`. New nodes cannot be created faster than the minimum assertion period by the same validator, currently set to 15m. The oldest unconfirmed node can be confirmed if the challenge period has passed and there are no siblings, and rejected if the parent is not a confirmed node or if the challenge period has passed and no one is staked on it.",
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be stolen if",
"text": "none of the whitelisted verifiers checks the published state. Fraud proofs assume at least one honest and able validator.",
"isCritical": true
}
],
"references": [
{
"title": "How is fraud proven - Arbitrum documentation FAQ",
"url": "https://docs.arbitrum.io/welcome/arbitrum-gentle-introduction#q-and-how-exactly-is-fraud-proven-sounds-complicated"
}
]
},
{
"title": "Challenges",
"description": "A challenge can be started between two siblings, i.e. two different state roots that share the same parent, by calling the `startChallenge` function. Validators cannot be in more than one challenge at the same time, meaning that the protocol operates with [partial concurrency](https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a). Since each challenge lasts 6d 8h, this implies that the protocol can be subject to [delay attacks](https://medium.com/offchainlabs/solutions-to-delay-attacks-on-rollups-434f9d05a07a), where a malicious actor can delay withdrawals as long as they are willing to pay the cost of losing their stakes. If the protocol is delayed attacked, the new stake requirement increases exponentially for each challenge period of delay. Challenges are played via a bisection game, where asserter and challenger play together to find the first instruction of disagreement. Such instruction is then executed onchain in the WASM OneStepProver contract to determine the winner, who then gets half of the stake of the loser. As said before, a state root is rejected only when no one left is staked on it. The protocol does not enforces valid bisections, meaning that actors can propose correct initial claim and then provide incorrect midpoints.",
"references": [
{
"title": "Fraud Proof Wars: Arbitrum Classic",
"url": "https://medium.com/l2beat/fraud-proof-wars-b0cb4d0f452a"
}
]
}
]
},
"stateValidationImage": "orbit",
"warning": "Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted."
}
permissions+17-17
{
"arbitrum": {
"roles": [
{
"id": "Sequencer",
"name": "Sequencer",
"description": "Can submit transaction batches or commitments to the SequencerInbox contract on the host chain.",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x845205C0F5109282954Bba4217aDA2a27Fdd89fF",
"address": "arb1:0x3918b6ecc471211a942B0A904fbFb36302348f6B",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "EOA 2",
"url": "#EOA-2"
"name": "EOA 1",
"url": "#EOA-1"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "Validator",
"name": "Validator",
"description": "Can propose new state roots (called nodes) and challenge state roots on the host chain.",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xAcB7D670bb95144B88a5Cd1883B87bC5021FD10a",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "EOA 3",
"url": "#EOA-3"
"name": "EOA 2",
"url": "#EOA-2"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
}
],
"actors": [
{
"id": "ApeChainMultisig",
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"description": "A Multisig with 3/5 threshold. \n* Can upgrade **with no delay**\n * Inbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * RollupProxy [via: UpgradeExecutor]\n * Outbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * Bridge [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * ChallengeManager [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * UpgradeExecutor [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * SequencerInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n * RollupEventInbox [via: UpgradeExecutor → ProxyAdmin]\n* Can interact with RollupProxy\n * Pause and unpause and set important roles and parameters in the system contracts: Can delegate Sequencer management to a BatchPosterManager address, manage data availability, DACs and the fastConfirmer role, set the Sequencer-only window, introduce an allowList to the bridge and whitelist Inboxes/Outboxes [via: UpgradeExecutor]",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x2B1FbeE3c7D278bFD9E179893FF304fE49FA7DDF",
"type": "Contract",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x2B1F…7DDF",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x2B1FbeE3c7D278bFD9E179893FF304fE49FA7DDF"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"references": [],
"participants": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xd125c9222160C308EdC5Cf642573Ca8a14D9d33c",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xd125…d33c",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xd125c9222160C308EdC5Cf642573Ca8a14D9d33c"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x83F58bBB1a940E364ED2dE775D1FD5218135cCE3",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x83F5…cCE3",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x83F58bBB1a940E364ED2dE775D1FD5218135cCE3"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x651cF50272Ffa8f6D954080DF743410Bb0aa7AFa",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x651c…7AFa",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x651cF50272Ffa8f6D954080DF743410Bb0aa7AFa"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x8765bb776b00A14198025283988c23F72D330E2a",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x8765…0E2a",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x8765bb776b00A14198025283988c23F72D330E2a"
},
{
"address": "arb1:0x65c10dD3d50B10D0E1Bb459675b03367B1b52eD1",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x65c1…2eD1",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x65c10dD3d50B10D0E1Bb459675b03367B1b52eD1"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-1",
"name": "EOA 1",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x5737CDBb3a67001441C0DA8b86e6b1826705601c",
"address": "arb1:0x3918b6ecc471211a942B0A904fbFb36302348f6B",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x5737…601c",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x5737CDBb3a67001441C0DA8b86e6b1826705601c"
"name": "0x3918…8f6B",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x3918b6ecc471211a942B0A904fbFb36302348f6B"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Can interact with SequencerInbox\n * Add/remove batchPosters (Sequencers) ",
"description": "* Can interact with SequencerInbox\n * Add/remove batchPosters (Sequencers) \n* A Sequencer - acting directly",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-2",
"name": "EOA 2",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0x845205C0F5109282954Bba4217aDA2a27Fdd89fF",
"address": "arb1:0xAcB7D670bb95144B88a5Cd1883B87bC5021FD10a",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0x8452…89fF",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x845205C0F5109282954Bba4217aDA2a27Fdd89fF"
"name": "0xAcB7…D10a",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAcB7D670bb95144B88a5Cd1883B87bC5021FD10a"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* A Sequencer - acting directly",
"description": "* A Validator - acting directly",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
},
{
"id": "EOA-3",
"name": "EOA 3",
"accounts": [
{
"address": "arb1:0xAcB7D670bb95144B88a5Cd1883B87bC5021FD10a",
"address": "arb1:0xFb259F30199B4f4AB9c9a26019f83b195837075E",
"type": "EOA",
"isVerified": true,
"name": "0xAcB7…D10a",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xAcB7D670bb95144B88a5Cd1883B87bC5021FD10a"
"name": "0xFb25…075E",
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0xFb259F30199B4f4AB9c9a26019f83b195837075E"
}
],
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* A Validator - acting directly",
"description": "* Can interact with EspressoSGXTEEVerifier\n * set the enclaveHash (hash of enclave's code and initial data) and delete all registered signers \n* Can interact with EspressoTEEVerifier\n * change the modular TEE verifier contracts \n* Can interact with EspressoNitroTEEVerifier\n * set the enclaveHash (hash of enclave's code and initial data) and delete all registered signers ",
"discoveryDrivenData": true
}
]
}
}
contracts+85-3
{
"addresses": {
"arbitrum": [
{
"name": "RollupProxy",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x374de579AE15aD59eD0519aeAf1A23F348Df259c",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "Arbitrum proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0xe032d15909e90f9A36901abB08944653e9E87d72"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x2733fc1C97f6562466E9B29D64bCc6dC833cC88d",
"arb1:0x230cf5A0FE4cC58deaf8a147A42ACF3f3C20A8C4"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x2733fc1C97f6562466E9B29D64bCc6dC833cC88d",
"arb1:0x230cf5A0FE4cC58deaf8a147A42ACF3f3C20A8C4"
]
}
],
"description": "Central contract for the project's configuration like its execution logic hash (`wasmModuleRoot`) and addresses of the other system contracts. Entry point for Proposers creating new Rollup Nodes (state commitments) and Challengers submitting fraud proofs (In the Orbit stack, these two roles are both held by the Validators).\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately ApeChainMultisig\n * **owner**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately ApeChainMultisig\n * **validators**: EOA 3",
"description": "Central contract for the project's configuration like its execution logic hash (`wasmModuleRoot`) and addresses of the other system contracts. Entry point for Proposers creating new Rollup Nodes (state commitments) and Challengers submitting fraud proofs (In the Orbit stack, these two roles are both held by the Validators).\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately ApeChainMultisig\n * **owner**: UpgradeExecutor; ultimately ApeChainMultisig\n * **validators**: EOA 2",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x374de579AE15aD59eD0519aeAf1A23F348Df259c#code"
},
{
"name": "Bridge",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x6B71AFb4b7725227ab944c96FE018AB9dc0434b8",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x20B3C55fe4ecd989beB56E13b2A726110f0c3619"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x20B3C55fe4ecd989beB56E13b2A726110f0c3619"
]
}
],
"description": "Escrow contract for the project's gas token (can be different from ETH). Keeps a list of allowed Inboxes and Outboxes for canonical bridge messaging.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately ApeChainMultisig",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x6B71AFb4b7725227ab944c96FE018AB9dc0434b8#code"
},
{
"name": "ChallengeManager",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xAB2182C8c9a9d853Cf06A77967D2b3971A453ee1",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x6Feb471ce7D32ee16047F1A983ac4f592df96526"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x6Feb471ce7D32ee16047F1A983ac4f592df96526"
]
}
],
"description": "Contract that allows challenging state roots. Can be called through the RollupProxy by Validators or the UpgradeExecutor.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately ApeChainMultisig",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0xAB2182C8c9a9d853Cf06A77967D2b3971A453ee1#code"
},
{
"name": "SequencerInbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xE6a92Ae29E24C343eE66A2B3D3ECB783d65E4a3C",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x0DD7dA1805d207511bb3Edabe9352B9E316048bE"
"arb1:0xCfAfB803EF1FEc576138Cebc79Ad41Aa6760C575"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x51120FA6D564A70E9F80874c0a55A4ee0c7396Fe"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1749819969,
"transactionHash": "0xe385aeb814e7282eac24484389ea3b1f4e6b612a750b25b547bacc5dffb70544",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x0DD7dA1805d207511bb3Edabe9352B9E316048bE"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1760470290,
"transactionHash": "0xf2787805eb5c45529aacb68a446f51693fa2ffabbbe77585921d236a9b43d97a",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xCfAfB803EF1FEc576138Cebc79Ad41Aa6760C575"
]
}
],
"description": "A sequencer (registered in this contract) can submit transaction batches or commitments here.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately ApeChainMultisig\n * **batchPosterManager**: EOA 1\n * **batchPosters**: EOA 2",
"description": "The Espresso TEE sequencer (registered in this contract) can submit transaction batches or commitments here.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately ApeChainMultisig\n * **batchPosterManager**: EOA 1\n * **batchPosters**: EOA 1",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0xE6a92Ae29E24C343eE66A2B3D3ECB783d65E4a3C#code"
},
{
"name": "UpgradeExecutor",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xe032d15909e90f9A36901abB08944653e9E87d72",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xdbE68E9e47c4AC96Ab1300902b4B87A7E6470786"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xdbE68E9e47c4AC96Ab1300902b4B87A7E6470786"
]
}
],
"description": "Central contract defining the access control permissions for upgrading the system contract implementations.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately ApeChainMultisig\n * **executors**: ApeChainMultisig",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0xe032d15909e90f9A36901abB08944653e9E87d72#code"
},
{
"name": "Inbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x1B98e4ED82Ee1a91A65a38C690e2266364064D15",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xFa76A234b41f932Fa769f92d85574e1BEEfE8218"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xCd26Db56B29e88b5394063aEA727DB1a03E961a7"
]
},
{
"timestamp": 1749819969,
"transactionHash": "0xe385aeb814e7282eac24484389ea3b1f4e6b612a750b25b547bacc5dffb70544",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xFa76A234b41f932Fa769f92d85574e1BEEfE8218"
]
}
],
"description": "Facilitates sending L1 to L2 messages like depositing ETH, but does not escrow funds.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately ApeChainMultisig",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x1B98e4ED82Ee1a91A65a38C690e2266364064D15#code"
},
{
"name": "Outbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x4F405BA65291063d8A524c2bDf55d4e67405c2aF",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x4D92EE5cCA2A93b30549a6398C063861F18B6726"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x4D92EE5cCA2A93b30549a6398C063861F18B6726"
]
}
],
"description": "Facilitates L2 to L1 contract calls: Messages initiated from L2 (for example withdrawal messages) eventually resolve in execution on L1.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately ApeChainMultisig",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x4F405BA65291063d8A524c2bDf55d4e67405c2aF#code"
},
{
"name": "EspressoSGXTEEVerifier",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x05A16513BF74629b834878731f07b075Cca33f55",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "Verifies attestations of an Intel SGX TEE.\n* Roles:\n * **owner**: EOA 3",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x05A16513BF74629b834878731f07b075Cca33f55#code"
},
{
"name": "ProxyAdmin",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "* Roles:\n * **owner**: UpgradeExecutor",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507#code"
},
{
"name": "CertManager",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x27CA506AC6567Ef79d364b56cf4dE9C4141d803A",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "The CertManager is used for anchoring TEE attestation keys to a trusted Certificate Authority (CA).\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x27CA506AC6567Ef79d364b56cf4dE9C4141d803A#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProverHostIo",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x4aBF0E8C011142bAb19ff3C921880B71E68150Ca",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x4aBF0E8C011142bAb19ff3C921880B71E68150Ca#code"
},
{
"name": "EspressoTEEVerifier",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x4fd6D0995B3016726D5674992c1Ec1bDe0989cF5",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "TEE gateway contract that can be used to 1) register signers that were generated inside a TEE and 2) verify the signatures of such signers. It supports both Intel SGX and AWS Nitro TEEs through modular contracts.\n* Roles:\n * **owner**: EOA 3",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x4fd6D0995B3016726D5674992c1Ec1bDe0989cF5#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProverMemory",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x550B7B23Ed78BA25B3aBCBb290ADf1190aC28E19",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x550B7B23Ed78BA25B3aBCBb290ADf1190aC28E19#code"
},
{
"name": "QuoteVerifier",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x69523d25E25e5c78d828Df90459b75F189D40Cf7",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "The QuoteVerifier contract is used by the EspressoTEEVerifier to verify the validity of the TEE quote. It references a PCCSRouter (0x0d089B3fA00CBAD0a5098025519e9e4620622acF), an access point for Intel SGX 'collateral', crucial references of which some modular contracts are unverified.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x69523d25E25e5c78d828Df90459b75F189D40Cf7#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProverMath",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x8A4ed18B4d31bCeA908B0f96B4347a9F99e816b3",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0x8A4ed18B4d31bCeA908B0f96B4347a9F99e816b3#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProver0",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xa301f8EdD4Cdf10553b6aB39d9724c56d7ab582F",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0xa301f8EdD4Cdf10553b6aB39d9724c56d7ab582F#code"
},
{
"name": "OneStepProofEntry",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xa3180c7a17dd46DEf808477093592D8231e024a8",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "One of the modular contracts used for the last step of a fraud proof, which is simulated inside a WASM virtual machine.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0xa3180c7a17dd46DEf808477093592D8231e024a8#code"
},
{
"name": "ValidatorUtils",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xaB36aec5517C346D21b9C19429BAA5aa87D17fCa",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "This contract implements view only utilities for validators.\n",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0xaB36aec5517C346D21b9C19429BAA5aa87D17fCa#code"
},
{
"name": "EspressoNitroTEEVerifier",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xC17cd192bd0aF90a0a5c6021ee038E9223bf390C",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "immutable",
"admins": [],
"implementations": [],
"immutable": true
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"description": "Verifies attestations of an AWS Nitro TEE.\n* Roles:\n * **owner**: EOA 3",
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0xC17cd192bd0aF90a0a5c6021ee038E9223bf390C#code"
},
{
"name": "RollupEventInbox",
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0xf383814AE1eD316ed7d6FeA28810C77E8a15A49F",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xF088dccfD7d39b24Ce0D4c91a4fEC3F56e3DBC96"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0xF088dccfD7d39b24Ce0D4c91a4fEC3F56e3DBC96"
]
}
],
"description": "Helper contract sending configuration data over the bridge during the systems initialization.\n* Roles:\n * **admin**: ProxyAdmin; ultimately ApeChainMultisig",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ApeChainMultisig",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"discoveryDrivenData": true,
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/arb1:0xf383814AE1eD316ed7d6FeA28810C77E8a15A49F#code"
}
]
},
"escrows": [
{
"address": "0x6B71AFb4b7725227ab944c96FE018AB9dc0434b8",
"sinceTimestamp": 1724863522,
"tokens": [
"APE"
],
"contract": {
"isVerified": true,
"address": "arb1:0x6B71AFb4b7725227ab944c96FE018AB9dc0434b8",
"upgradeability": {
"proxyType": "EIP1967 proxy",
"admins": [
"arb1:0x1E5f8ff72895aEa53DD62b590dA51E92dC75b507"
],
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x20B3C55fe4ecd989beB56E13b2A726110f0c3619"
]
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"pastUpgrades": [
{
"timestamp": 1724863522,
"transactionHash": "0x0d8fd55271d42815ae9dcd9820e29d18690b3a49a3cbad17308afa6431334aa5",
"implementations": [
"arb1:0x20B3C55fe4ecd989beB56E13b2A726110f0c3619"
]
}
],
"description": "Contract managing Inboxes and Outboxes. It escrows APE sent to L2.",
"upgradableBy": [
{
"name": "ProxyAdmin",
"delay": "no"
}
],
"url": "https://arbiscan.io/address/0x6B71AFb4b7725227ab944c96FE018AB9dc0434b8#code"
},
"chain": "arbitrum",
"includeInTotal": false,
"chainId": 42161
}
],
"risks": [
{
"category": "Funds can be stolen if",
"text": "a contract receives a malicious code upgrade. There is no delay on code upgrades.",
"isCritical": true
}
]
}
{
"risks": {
"economicSecurity": {
"value": {
"value": "Public committee",
"sentiment": "warning",
"description": "There are no onchain assets at risk of being slashed in case of a data withholding attack. However, there is indirect economic security derived by the committee members being publicly known, and their reputation is at stake should they behave maliciously."
},
"adjustSecurityRisk": false
},
"fraudDetection": {
"value": "None",
"sentiment": "bad",
"description": "There is no fraud detection mechanism in place. A data withholding attack can only be detected by nodes downloading the full data from the DA layer."
}
},
"systemCategory": "public",
"technology": {
"description": "\n## Architecture\n\n\n## Consensus\n\nCurrently only a fixed set of pre-registered operators can run a node. The Espresso Network will upgrade to proof-of-stake in a later release.\n\nEspresso uses the HotShot consensus protocol, a communication-efficient proof-of-stake system that is Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT). \nThe protocol is currently permissioned, with a fixed set of 100 nodes participating in consensus.\nBuilt on HotStuff-2, it achieves linear communication complexity using a pacemaker module to synchronize views and ensures safety and liveness as long as over two-thirds of the stake is controlled by honest nodes.\n\nHotShot operates in a view-by-view manner, where each view designates a leader and an external builder. \nDuring a view, the consensus proposer finalizes a block with a certificate of availability by utilizing Espresso DA for data availability.\n\n## Data Availability Certificate\n\nOnce the proposer sends data to HotShot node operators, they initiate Espresso DA's three layers of data availability:\n\n- **VID Layer**: Disperses erasure-coded data to all nodes. VID layer nodes only store chunks of the data.\n- **DA Committee Layer**: Uploads the data and commitment to a small DA committee. Every node in the committee stores the full data.\n- **CDN Layer**: Uploads the full data to a content delivery network (CDN). \n\nOnce nodes receive and store the data, they return votes to the proposer. DAVotes are votes from committee nodes storing the full data, while QuorumVotes are votes from nodes storing erasure-coded shares of the data.\nA DA certificate consists of two components, the retrievability certificate and the optimistic DAC certificate:\n\n- **Retrievability Certificate**: Formed when the DA leader collects 2/3 + 1 QuorumVotes.\n- **Optimistic DAC Certificate**: Formed when the DA leader gathers 2/3 + 1 DAVotes from the DA committee. Currently, the committee size is 21 members, so the threshold is 15 signatures.\n\n\nOnce the DAC is formed, the DA leader stops broadcasting data to the nodes.\n\n## L2s Data Availability\n\nThe life cycle of L2 transactions begins with users submitting transactions to the Espresso DA mempool through an RPC endpoint, or directly to the block builder private mempool, including a namespace ID to indicate the target L2 rollup. \nA DA leader collects and disperses these transactions across Espresso DA's layers to form a DA certificate. The leader then broadcasts a proposal with a vector commitment for the transactions to the HotShot consensus layer. \nThe finalization of the block commitment in HotShot establishes data availability for the corresponding transactions.\nAfter block finalization in HotShot, the relayer propagates the commitment and quorum certificates to the L1 Light Client contract, which verifies the certificate and the HotShot state SNARK proof via the verifyProof function. \n\n\n\nUsers can retrieve data by querying any of Espresso DA's layers, though the VID layer is slower due to the reconstruction of erasure-coded shares. L2s can also use a verifyInclusion function on an L1 light client smart contract to confirm a blob's inclusion in the Espresso DA HotShot chain.\n "
},
"type": "DA Service",
"usedWithoutBridgeIn": [
{
"id": "apechain",
"name": "ApeChain",
"slug": "apechain"
},
{
"id": "appchain",
"name": "Appchain",
"slug": "appchain"
},
{
"id": "molten",
"name": "Molten Network",
"slug": "molten"
},
{
"id": "rari",
"name": "RARI Chain",
"slug": "rari"
}
],
"validators": {
"type": "static",
"count": 100
}
}